scholarly journals Molecular crosstalk between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment components suggests potential targets for new therapeutic approaches in mobile tongue cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dayan ◽  
Tuula Salo ◽  
Sirpa Salo ◽  
Pia Nyberg ◽  
Sini Nurmenniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Molecular Crosstalk ◽  
Mobile Tongue

Insights into the role of components of the tumor microenvironment in oral carcinoma call for new therapeutic approaches

2014 ◽  
Vol 325 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Salo ◽  
Marilena Vered ◽  
Ibrahim O. Bello ◽  
Pia Nyberg ◽  
Carolina Cavalcante Bitu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Oral Carcinoma ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

Role of the Immune Component of Tumor Microenvironment in the Efficiency of Cancer Treatment: Perspectives for the Personalized Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (32) ◽  
pp. 4807-4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Stakheyeva ◽  
Vladimir Riabov ◽  
Irina Mitrofanova ◽  
Nikolai Litviakov ◽  
Evgeny Choynzonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Intratumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

Despite significant progress in cancer diagnostics and development of novel therapeutic regimens, successful treatment of advanced forms of cancer is still a challenge and may require personalized therapeutic approaches. In this review, we analyzed major mechanisms responsible for tumor cells chemoresistance and emphasized that intratumor heterogeneity is a critical factor that limits efficiency of cancer treatment. Intratumor heterogeneity is caused by genomic instability in cancer cells, resulting in the selection of resistant clones. Moreover, cancer cells in solid tumors are surrounded by cellular and molecular microenvironment that actively influences tumor cell behavior. Local tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of immune cells with diverse phenotypes and functions strongly contributes to intratumor heterogeneity and modulates responses to treatment. Thus, targeting specific components of TME is a novel treatment strategy that can improve the outcome of conventional anti-cancer therapy. Here, we discuss modern immunotherapeutic approaches based on targeting tumorinfiltrating immune cells including neutrophils, dendritic cells, NK cells, T cells, B cells and macrophages. Among those, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) that display a pronounced heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity appear to be a major component in the TME of solid tumors, and emerge as perspective targets for cancer immunotherapy. TAM intratumor heterogeneity and the possible existence of patient-specific phenotype signature generate the basis for the development of individualized TAM-based therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Porphyrin/Chlorin Derivatives as Promising Molecules for Therapy of Colorectal Cancer

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7268
Author(s):  
Fatima Dandash ◽  
David Y. Leger ◽  
Mona Diab-Assaf ◽  
Vincent Sol ◽  
Bertrand Liagre
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Porphyrin Derivatives ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Activity ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The demand for new therapeutic approaches has increased attention paid toward therapies with high targeting efficiency, improved selectivity and few side effects. Porphyrins are powerful molecules with exceptional properties and multifunctional uses, and their special affinity to cancer cells makes them the ligands par excellence for anticancer drugs. Porphyrin derivatives are used as the most important photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a promising approach for anticancer treatment. Nevertheless, the lack of solubility and selectivity of the large majority of these macrocycles led to the development of different photosensitizer complexes. In addition, targeting agents or nanoparticles were used to increase the efficiency of these macrocycles for PDT applications. On the other hand, gold tetrapyrrolic macrocycles alone showed very interesting chemotherapeutic activity without PDT. In this review, we discuss the most important porphyrin derivatives, alone or associated with other drugs, which have been found effective against CRC, as we describe their modifications and developments through substitutions and delivery systems.

scholarly journals Emerging approaches to target mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Gilmore ◽  
Louise King
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Apoptosis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Bh3 Mimetics ◽  
Novel Therapeutics ◽  
New Class ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

Apoptosis is a highly conserved programme for removing damaged and unwanted cells. Apoptosis in most cells is coordinated on mitochondria by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. The balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins sets a threshold for mitochondrial apoptosis, a balance that is altered during cancer progression. Consequently, avoidance of cell death is an established cancer hallmark. Although there is a general perception that tumour cells are more resistant to apoptosis than their normal counterparts, the realities of cell death regulation in cancer are more nuanced. In this review we discuss how a profound understanding of this control has led to new therapeutic approaches, including the new class of BH3-mimetics, which directly target apoptosis as a vulnerability in cancer. We discuss recent findings that highlight the current limitations in our understanding of apoptosis and how these novel therapeutics work.

scholarly journals Glycan–Lectin Interactions in Cancer and Viral Infections and How to Disrupt Them

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10577
Author(s):  
Stefanie Maria Kremsreiter ◽  
Ann-Sophie Helene Kroell ◽  
Katharina Weinberger ◽  
Heike Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

Glycan–lectin interactions play an essential role in different cellular processes. One of their main functions is involvement in the immune response to pathogens or inflammation. However, cancer cells and viruses have adapted to avail themselves of these interactions. By displaying specific glycosylation structures, they are able to bind to lectins, thus promoting pathogenesis. While glycan–lectin interactions promote tumor progression, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance in cancer, in viral infections they are important for viral entry, release, and/or immune escape. For several years now, a growing number of investigations have been devoted to clarifying the role of glycan–lectin interactions in cancer and viral infections. Various overviews have already summarized and highlighted their findings. In this review, we consider the interactions of the lectins MGL, DC-SIGN, selectins, and galectins in both cancer and viral infections together. A possible transfer of ways to target and disrupt them might lead to new therapeutic approaches in different pathological backgrounds.

scholarly journals Impact of the Prolymphangiogenic Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment on Lymphatic Cancer Metastasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona L. Schlereth ◽  
Nasrin Refaian ◽  
Sandra Iden ◽  
Claus Cursiefen ◽  
Ludwig M. Heindl
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Early Step ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

Lymphangiogenesis is a very early step in lymphatic metastasis. It is regulated and promoted not only by the tumor cells themselves, but also by cells of the tumor microenvironment, including cancer associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, dendritic cells, or macrophages. Even the extracellular matrix as well as cytokines and growth factors are involved in the process of lymphangiogenesis and metastasis. The cellular and noncellular components influence each other and can be influenced by the tumor cells. The knowledge about mechanisms behind lymphangiogenesis in the tumor microenvironmental crosstalk is growing and offers starting points for new therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune System in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Potential Targets for New Therapeutic Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Parente ◽  
Pietro Parcesepe ◽  
Claudia Covelli ◽  
Nunzio Olivieri ◽  
Andrea Remo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Tumor ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Aggressiveness ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Chemotherapy Efficacy ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease for which radical surgery and chemotherapy represent the only curative options for a small proportion of patients. Recently, FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine have improved the survival of metastatic patients but prognosis remains poor. A pancreatic tumor microenvironment is a dynamic milieu of cellular and acellular elements, and it represents one of the major limitations to chemotherapy efficacy. The continued crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment causes immunosuppression within pancreatic immune infiltrate increasing tumor aggressiveness. Several potential targets have been identified among tumor microenvironment components, and different therapeutic approaches are under investigation. In this article, we provide a qualitative literature review about the crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment components and immune system in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment and we show the ongoing trials.

scholarly journals Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6995
Author(s):  
Ava J. Boutilier ◽  
Sherine F. Elsawa
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis

The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic outcomes in cancer through angiogenic and lymphangiogenic regulation, immune suppression, hypoxia induction, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence macrophage recruitment and polarization, giving way to these pro-tumorigenic outcomes. Investigating TME-induced macrophage polarization is critical for further understanding of TAM-related pro-tumor outcomes and potential development of new therapeutic approaches. This review explores the current understanding of TME-induced macrophage polarization and the role of M2-polarized macrophages in promoting tumor progression.

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