Judge rules professor didn't suffer adverse action

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Action

ABOUT UNIFORMITY OF THE PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF SO-CALLED « JOINED» ACTION OF HAZARDS AND COMBINED TOXICITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF A COMBIBATION OF THE FLUORIDE AND THE STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD)

2016 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
B. A. Katsnelson ◽  
M. P. Sutunkova ◽  
N. A. Tsepilov ◽  
V. G. Panov ◽  
A. N. Varaksin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Fluoride Solution ◽  
Adverse Action ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
And Control

Sodium fluoride solution was injected i.p. to three groups of rats at a dose equivalent to 0.1 LD50 three times a week up to 18 injections. Two out of these groups and two out of three groups were sham-injected with normal saline and were exposed to the whole body impact of a 25 mT static magnetic field (SMF) for 2 or 4 hr a day, 5 times a week. Following the exposure, various functional and biochemical indices were evaluated along with histological examination and morphometric measurements of the femur in the differently exposed and control rats. The mathematical analysis of the combined effects of the SMF and fluoride based on the a response surface model demonstrated that, in full correspondence with what we had previously found for the combined toxicity of different chemicals, the combined adverse action of a chemical plus a physical agent was characterized by a tipological diversity depending not only on particular effects these types were assessed for but on the dose and effect levels as well. From this point of view, the indices for which at least one statistically significant effect was observed could be classified as identifying (I) mainly single-factor action; (II) additive unidirectional action; (III) synergism (superadditive unidirectional action); (IV) antagonism, including both subadditive unidirectional action and all variants of contradirectional action.

Violation of Treaties by Adverse National Action

1918 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys P. Myers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Adverse Action ◽  
Vital Interest ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Character

The shade of distinction sought to be shown by the title of this paper may require explanation. Imperfect wording involves either carelessness or ignorance; bad faith indicates dishonesty; nonexecution or disregard implies laxness in the government, if not carelessness; adverse or hostile municipal or judicial action connotes lack of coordination between the internal and external affairs of the State. It follows that such adverse action may be considered from a practical point of view as almost a normal kind of violence against international contracts. It is not to be excused on that account, but it may be considered as a frictional incident almost inseparable under some conditions from the existence of a State. Given either a government of definitely separated elements, such as the United States, or a government without much stability, or a State founded on a type of civilization different from the European order, and this sort of violation of treaty may be forecasted with certainty. Fortunately, however, the instances that cause contractual friction of this sort are of the grosser kinds of personal violence, or are commercial; they are not of a political character, cannot be said to involve policy, and only by a stretch of the imagination involve the tweedledum and tweedledee of international relations, “national honor and vital interest.” They are consequently extremely susceptible to simple and orderly solution.

scholarly journals Mixed Convection in Superposed Nanofluid and Porous Layers Inside Lid-Driven Square Cavity

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Porous Layer ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Darcy Number ◽  
Momentum Exchange ◽  
Square Cavity ◽  
Porous Layers ◽  
Adverse Action ◽  
Nanoparticles Volume Fraction ◽  
The Right

Mixed convection in a lid-driven composite square cavity is studied numerically. The cavity is composed of two layers; a Cu–water nanofluid layer superposed a porous layer. The porous layer is saturated with the same nanofluid. The left and right walls of the cavity are thermally insulated. The bottom wall which is in contact with the porous layer is isothermally heated and being lid to the left, while the top wall is isothermally cooled and being lid to the right. Cavity walls are impermeable except the interface between the porous layer and the nanofluid. Maxwell-Brinkman model is invoked for the momentum exchange within the porous layer. Equations govern the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy within the two layers were modeled and solved numerically using under successive relaxation (USR) up- wind finite difference scheme. Four pertinent parameters are studied; nanoparticles volume fraction φ (0.0 - 0.05), porous layer thickness Wp (0.1 - 0.9), Darcy number Da (10-7 – 10-1), and Richardson number Ri (0.01 - 10). The results have showed that the existence of the porous layer in a specified value can enhance the convective heat transfer when Ri ≥ 1, while an adverse action of nanoparticles is recorded when Da ≥ 10-4.

scholarly journals Еколого-правове регулювання раціонального використання земельних ресурсів

2013 ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. О. Одарюк
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Adverse Action ◽  
Territorial Planning

Проведено аналіз підвищення використання природних ресурсів людиною і його вплив на відтворення біорізноманіття. Обґрунтовані переваги еколого-ландшафтного землеустрою в системі територіального планування сільськогосподарського землекористування в порівнянні з традиційними методамиорганізації території. Розглянуто необхідність створення інформаційної бази створення екологічних чинників використання земельних ресурсів. Проаналізовано проблеми використання земель сільськогосподарського призначення в умовах тотального зниження продуктивності та ступінь негативного впливу деградаційних процесів, а також їх вплив на сільськогосподарське виробництво. The analysis of increase of use of natural resources by man and its influence on self-reproduction of biosets is carried out. Advantages of ekologo-landscape land management in system of territorial planning of agricultural land tenure in comparison with traditional methods of the organization of territory are proved. The necessity of creation of information base of formation of ecological factors of use of land resources is considered. The adverse action of degradation processes and their impact on agriculture is analyzed.

How Discrimination Disappears

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra F. Sperino ◽  
Suja A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Adverse Action

This chapter explores how courts limit harassment, discrimination, and retaliation claims. Searches of federal cases reveal case after case where federal courts rule that conduct is not sufficiently serious to be considered discrimination. Cases are dismissed where women alleged that their bosses or coworkers repeatedly touched their breasts or buttocks, supervisors regularly asked employees on dates or for sexual favors, or employees were continually victims of unwanted sexualized comments and gestures. Some federal courts rule that such conduct is not serious enough to qualify as sexual harassment. In other cases, where there is evidence that an evaluation or threatened termination is due to race, sex, or another protected trait, some judges have held that this conduct is not an “adverse action” and does not count as discrimination. Finally, many federal courts will not find illegal retaliation where an employer gives a negative evaluation or threatens to fire an employee who complained about discrimination.

Alternative Dispute Resolution and Individual Workplace Rights: The Evolving Role of Fair Work Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese MacDermott ◽  
Joellen Riley
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Adverse Action ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
Workplace Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
Resolution Processes

This article examines the dispute resolution practices of Fair Work Australia that are evolving to deal with individual workplace rights, as its traditional role shifts away from conciliating and arbitrating collective industrial disputes. The workplace rights enshrined in the ‘general protections’ provisions in Part 3-1 of the Fair Work Act 2009 protect employees and prospective employees from any ‘adverse action’ taken against them because they are exercising a workplace right, or because they fall within one of the protected categories, such as the right to be free from discrimination. A broad range of alternative dispute resolution processes is now available to Fair Work Australia in dealing with such disputes. Alternative dispute resolution processes are seen as a way of avoiding costly and time-consuming litigation, and in some circumstances can improve access to justice for individuals. This article explores whether Fair Work Australia is likely to adopt different dispute resolution approaches from its traditional conciliation practices when managing ‘general protections’ applications, and whether the framework for dealing with these disputes will facilitate fair recognition and enforcement of workplace rights.

scholarly journals Sex-, tissue-, and exposure duration-dependent effects of imidacloprid modulated by piperonyl butoxide and menadione in rats. Part I: oxidative and neurotoxic potentials

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yardimci ◽  
Yusuf Sevgiler ◽  
Eyyup Rencuzogullari ◽  
Mehmet Arslan ◽  
Mehmet Buyukleyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adverse Action ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Earlier research has evidenced the oxidative and neurotoxic potential of imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, in different animal species. The primary aim of this study was to determine how metabolic modulators piperonyl butoxide and menadione affect imidacloprid’s adverse action in the liver and kidney of Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. The animals were exposed to imidacloprid alone (170 mg kg-1) or in combination with piperonyl butoxide (100 mg kg-1) or menadione (25 mg kg-1) for 12 and 24 h. Their liver and kidney homogenates were analysed spectrophotometrically for glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, total cholinesterase specific activities, total glutathione, total protein content, and lipid peroxidation levels. Imidacloprid displayed its prooxidative and neurotoxic effects predominantly in the kidney of male rats after 24 h of exposure. Our findings suggest that the observed differences in prooxidative and neurotoxic potential of imidacloprid could be related to differences in its metabolism between the sexes. Co-exposure (90-min pre-treatment) with piperonyl butoxide or menadione revealed tissue-specific effect of imidacloprid on total cholinesterase activity. Increased cholinesterase activity in the kidney could be an adaptive response to imidacloprid-induced oxidative stress. In the male rat liver, co-exposure with piperonyl butoxide or menadione exacerbated imidacloprid toxicity. In female rats, imidacloprid+menadione co-exposure caused prooxidative effects, while no such effects were observed with imidacloprid alone or menadione alone. In conclusion, sex-, tissue-, and duration-specific effects of imidacloprid are remarkable points in its toxicity

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