Chondroptotic chondrocytes in the loaded area of chondrocalcinotic cartilage: A clinical proposal?

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188-1192
Author(s):  
Davide Curzi ◽  
Francesco Fardetti ◽  
Alessandro Beccarini ◽  
Sara Salucci ◽  
Debora Burini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loaded Area

scholarly journals Molding gate optimization for weld line location away from structures loaded area

2021 ◽  
Vol 1925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
E I Kurkin ◽  
O E Lukyanov ◽  
V O Chertykovtseva ◽  
O U Espinosa Barcenas
Keyword(s):  
Weld Line ◽  
Loaded Area

Stresses at Different Depths Below Loaded Area

1970 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 779-782
Author(s):  
N.S.V. Kameswara Rao ◽  
M. R. Madhav
Keyword(s):  
Different Depths ◽  
Loaded Area

scholarly journals Development of a smart fabric force-sensing glove for physiotherapeutic Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 513-515
Author(s):  
Andreas Spilz ◽  
Thomas Engleder ◽  
Michael Munz ◽  
Marius Karge
Keyword(s):  
Applied Stress ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Force Sensing ◽  
Fabric Material ◽  
Loaded Area

AbstractIn this work, a low-priced smart fabric forcesensing glove is developed which is able to measure the total amount and direction of the force a person applies on a patient in a physiotherapeutic context. A device like this would be beneficial for the education of physiotherapists, to measure the progress of a patient and to evaluate the treatment. The proposed device uses a new sensor, which is based on a piezoresistive fabric. This fabric changes its electrical resistance according to the applied stress. The characterization of this sensor revealed that the change in resistance of the sensor is dependent of the amount of force, the loaded area, the total time the sensor is loaded and hysteresis. To compensate these behaviours, an additional sensor based on the same smart fabric was developed which measures the loaded area of the first sensor. By combining these two sensors, it is possible to calculate the applied force. The results show the feasibility to build a measurement system out of smart fabric material that can measure the applied force. Furthermore, the prototype shows promising results in determining the applied force in amount and direction.

scholarly journals Optimum location of geogrid reinforcement in unpaved road

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hamed Mousavi ◽  
Mohammed A. Gabr ◽  
Roy H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimum Location ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Unpaved Road ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Loaded Area

This study evaluated the optimum location of a reinforcement layer to maximize the efficiency of the reinforcement inclusion in an unpaved road section. The analyses are used to investigate the optimum location of the reinforcement layer within the aggregate base course (ABC) layer, and provide a possible reason for the improvement in performance. A series of three-dimensional finite element method analyses was performed, and the strain and stress response of a reinforced unpaved road section with two different ABC thicknesses was evaluated. The analyses were conducted under cyclic loading with three different radii of the circular loaded area. The embedded depth of reinforcement was varied within the ABC layer. Results indicate that regardless of ABC layer thickness, the surface deformation is minimized when the reinforcement is embedded at a depth equal to half of the radius of the loaded area (D = 0.5r). A higher tension force is mobilized in the reinforcement element when it is placed at D = 0.5r. It is also shown that the required thickness of ABC is reduced when the reinforcement layer is implemented at the depth at which the maximum vertical strain occurs. Depending on the thickness of the ABC layer, the finite element analysis results indicate that the reinforcement layer could be ineffectual if it is placed at the interface between the ABC and the subgrade layer as is traditionally the case.

Pressure Field Stabilization in High-Voltage Underwater Pulsed Metal Forming Using Wire-Initiated Discharges

2011 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 965-972
Author(s):  
Iñaki Eguia ◽  
Juan San José ◽  
Mykhaylo Knyazyev ◽  
Yaroslav Zhovnovatyuk
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Relative Pressure ◽  
Electrohydraulic Forming ◽  
Pressure Fields ◽  
Aluminium Wire ◽  
Loaded Area

Electrohydraulic forming of sheet metals is characterized by the usage of large transient hydraulic pressure generated in underwater current discharges. Pulsed power underwater discharges are often categorized as being non-repeatable in terms of pressure map replication. The work described here presents the improvements made in terms of pressure stabilization based on process parameter optimization pertaining to impact electrohydraulic forming. The work consists of a comparative study showing the differences obtained in terms of pressure fields, when discharges initiated by high-voltage breakdown (wireless discharges) and initiated by copper and aluminium wires at otherwise equal test conditions are compared, for a conical discharge chamber. Characteristic pressure maps belonging to the three analyzed discharge conditions are presented and the criteria for a quantitative comparison are set: maximum pressure value, relative pressure scatter and arithmetic mean deviation for a test pressure field. The maximum pressure value characterises the limitation in the sheet material thickness that could be formed at this pressure. For all 3 types of tests the obtained maximum pressure value is nearly equal with a little bit higher level for discharges initiated by aluminium wire. The relative pressure scatter provides information about uniformity of the pressure distribution along loaded area. While wireless tests showed low uniformity with average relative pressure scatter of 33 %, the application of copper and aluminium wire reduced non-uniformity down to 28 and 24 % respectively. The most important effect of the wire introduction has to do with the great increase of stability (repeatability) of pressure fields observed, characterised by a decrease of the arithmetic mean deviation of pressure along a pressure loaded area.

A New Approach to Development of a Grinding Force Model

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Younis ◽  
M. M. Sadek ◽  
T. El-Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Stress Coefficient ◽  
Tangential Forces ◽  
Force Components ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Loaded Area

A theoretical model has been developed for representing the grinding forces. This is based on the fact that the chip formation during grinding consists of three states: ploughing, cutting, and rubbing. Expressions for the total normal and tangential force components during these three stages were established. These components were expressed in terms of the chip thickness coefficient, the friction coefficient between the grit tip area and the workpiece, the stress coefficient arising during ploughing and, finally, the loading coefficient. The latter is expressed as an exponential in time. All these coefficients were determined experimentally by performing normal grinding tests at specified configurations. During these tests the forces were measured simultaneously with the loaded area on the grinding wheel during the process of grinding. The loaded area on the wheel surface was measured by a new technique using fiber-optics. This is based on the measurement of the reflectivity of the loaded particles. This system was calibrated by high magnification photographs taken of the surface texture. The predicted normal and tangential forces during the grinding process were compared with those experimentally obtained during the grinding tests mentioned earlier, showing reasonable agreement, both quantitatively and qualitatively.

scholarly journals Preliminary Design and Experimental Study of a Steel-Batten Ribbed Cable Dome

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Mingmin Ding ◽  
Yuzhou Shen ◽  
Yang Wei ◽  
Bin Luo ◽  
Lulu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Uniform Load ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Cable Dome ◽  
Loaded Area

A steel-batten ribbed cable dome structural system is proposed. By replacing the upper flexible cables with semi-rigid steel battens, rigid roofing materials were conveniently installed overhead via non-bracket or less-bracket technology. Additionally, an 8 m diameter test model was designed, and a ‘ω’ shaped less-bracket consequent hoist-dragging system was adopted. Finally, the test model was tested under symmetric and asymmetric uniform loading arrangements, while a finite element model was established to verify the test values. The results indicate that the measured values are basically consistent with the finite element values. In the early steps of hoisting and dragging, the structure establishes a prestress, accumulates stiffness, and found its internal force balance, while the entire structure keeps a “ω” shape to guarantee stability. As the internal forces of the components increase, the structure turns from “ω” to “m” and finally reached its designed shape. With increasing symmetric uniform load, the internal forces of the cables decrease, the bending stresses of the steel battens increase, and the steel battens remain in the elastic stage. Under an asymmetric uniform load, the high loaded area is displaced downward, and the low loaded area behaves upward, twisting the overall structure.

scholarly journals Contribution to the Modelling of the Tribological Surface Transformations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Antoni
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Thermomechanical Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Loaded Area

When solids are subjected to tribological loads, structural changes can occur both at the surface and in depth, immediately below the loaded area; in the case of some materials, especially metals, these changes are known as solid-solid phase transformations or Tribological Surface Transformations (TSTs). A thermomechanical model is presented in the present study in order to describe these TSTs. The ability of the model to take account TSTs is assessed with a 2D finite element analysis.

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