scholarly journals Interpersonal early-life trauma alters amygdala connectivity and sustained attention performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e00684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca C. Fortenbaugh ◽  
Vincent Corbo ◽  
Victoria Poole ◽  
Regina McGlinchey ◽  
William Milberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
Attention Performance

Interactive effects of background facial emotion stimulus and target salience on sustained attention performance in schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyouk Park ◽  
Jin-Chan Noh ◽  
Jin Hun Kim ◽  
Jaewon Lee ◽  
Jin Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Attention Performance

scholarly journals Dynamics of cerebral responses to sustained attention performance during one night of sleep deprivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqiang Zhu ◽  
Yibin Xi ◽  
Ningbo Fei ◽  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Attention Performance

scholarly journals Overlapping attentional networks yield divergent behavioral predictions across tasks: Neuromarkers for diffuse and focused attention?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther X.W. Wu ◽  
Gwenisha J. Liaw ◽  
Rui Zhe Goh ◽  
Tiffany T.Y. Chia ◽  
Alisia M.J. Chee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Performance Predictions ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Reading Recall ◽  
The Common ◽  
Attention Performance ◽  
Behavioral Predictions

AbstractAttention is a critical cognitive function, allowing humans to select, enhance, and sustain focus on information of behavioral relevance. Attention contains dissociable neural and psychological components. Nevertheless, some brain networks support multiple attentional functions. Connectome-based Predictive Models (CPM), which associate individual differences in task performance with functional connectivity patterns, provide a compelling example. A sustained attention network model (saCPM) successfully predicted performance for selective attention, inhibitory control, and reading recall tasks. Here we constructed a visual attentional blink (VAB) model (vabCPM), comparing its performance predictions and network edges associated with successful and unsuccessful behavior to the saCPM’s. In the VAB, attention devoted to a target often causes a subsequent item to be missed. Although frequently attributed to attentional limitations, VAB deficits may attenuate when participants are distracted or deploy attention diffusely. Participants (n=73; 24 males) underwent fMRI while performing the VAB task and while resting. Outside the scanner, they completed other cognitive tasks over several days. A vabCPM constructed from these data successfully predicted VAB performance. Strikingly, the network edges that predicted better VAB performance (positive edges) predicted worse selective and sustained attention performance, and vice versa. Predictions from the saCPM mirrored these results, with the network’s negative edges predicting better VAB performance. Furthermore, the vabCPM’s positive edges significantly overlapped with the saCPM’s negative edges, and vice versa. We conclude that these partially overlapping networks each have general attentional functions. They may indicate an individual’s propensity to diffusely deploy attention, predicting better performance for some tasks and worse for others.Significance statementA longstanding question in psychology and neuroscience is whether we have general capacities or domain-specific ones. For such general capacities, what is the common function? Here we addressed these questions using the attentional blink (AB) task and neuroimaging. Individuals searched for two items in a stream of distracting items; the second item was often missed when it closely followed the first. How often the second item was missed varied across individuals, which was reflected in attention networks. Curiously, the networks’ pattern of function that was good for the AB was bad for other tasks, and vice versa. We propose that these networks may represent not a general attentional ability, but rather the tendency to attend in a less focused manner.

scholarly journals Feasibility, Acceptability, and Clinical Trends of a Mindfulness-Informed Child Welfare Intervention: Implications for Trauma-Focused Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Brown ◽  
Jennifer Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Single Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to stress and early life trauma have been linked to child maltreatment and parental substance misuse. These issues often co-occur, yet few child welfare services target their shared underlying causes in a single intervention. Teaching mindfulness-informed strategies to substance-misusing families in the child welfare system may be one promising trauma-informed approach. As part of a larger pilot study testing the initial efficacy of a mindfulness-informed intervention for parents in public child welfare, this study explored the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical trends of the intervention using weekly reports of stress, coping, and mindfulness. Findings show support for the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention as well as positive responses to the intervention on measures of stress and mindfulness. However, the impact of the intervention varied with regard to improving weekly coping among participants. Implications for the integration of mindfulness into child welfare practice as a trauma-informed approach are discussed.

Abstract P244: Association Between Early Life Trauma and Change in HRV During Mental Stress Among Patients With Recent Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Ji Kim ◽  
Oleksiy Levantsevych ◽  
MhmtJamil Alkhalaf ◽  
Majd Soudan ◽  
J Douglas Bremner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Exposure

Background: Early-life traumatic experiences have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Little is known about how early-life traumatic experiences may affect changes in autonomic function during mental stress among young subjects post-MI. Objective: We hypothesized that those with high exposure to early-life trauma, compared to those with low exposure to early-life trauma, would have increased autonomic dysfunction at baseline, worse stress reactivity, and slower autonomic recovery. Methods: We evaluated 321 subjects with a history of recent myocardial infarction who underwent a laboratory-based mental stress speech task. HRV was measured at rest (T0), during mental stress (T1), and during recovery (T2) with ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. We evaluated low frequency (LF) HRV as the primary outcome because of its relationship with baroreflex sensitivity, psychological stress, and cardiovascular disease outcomes. Early life trauma was assessed using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report - Short Form (ETI-SF) and a binary variable was calculated using one SD above the mean of the ETI-SF score, a previously validated cutpoint, to indicate high early-life trauma exposure and low otherwise. Sociodemographic factors, including race, highest education attained, age, and gender, were considered as potential confounders in multiple linear regression models. Differences amongst stress, rest, and recovery metrics were evaluated as outcomes in separate models. Results: Of 321 subjects with HRV data, 284 were included in the final analytic sample after excluding those with missing covariates. The mean age was 50.7 ± 6.7, 49% were female (139), and 64% were African-American (182); 260 (88.4%) reported experiencing high levels of early-life trauma. There were no associations between early-life trauma during baseline HRV (T0), reactivity to stress (T1 - T0), and prolonged reactivity (T2 - T0). However, those with high early-life trauma had reduced HRV during recovery from stress compared to those with low early-life trauma (T2 - T1; Beta (95% CI) = -0.37 (-0.73, -0.01)). Results were similar after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and did not vary by race/ethnicity or gender. Conclusion: Among subjects with recent MI, high exposure to early-life trauma is associated with prolonged stress-induced autonomic dysfunction during stress and recovery, while the low exposure subjects revert to baseline HRV levels during recovery. This may indicate greater stress-induced cardiotoxicity in those exposed to early life trauma.

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