scholarly journals Mendelian randomization suggests that head circumference, but not birth weight and length, associates with intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qian ◽  
Fengjie Gao ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Lihong Yang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Mendelian Randomization

scholarly journals The association of women’s birth size with risk of molecular breast cancer subtypes: a cohort study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie S. Sandvei ◽  
Signe Opdahl ◽  
Marit Valla ◽  
Pagona Lagiou ◽  
Ellen Veronika Vesterfjell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Luminal B

Abstract Background Because birth size appears to be positively associated with breast cancer risk, we have studied whether this risk may differ according to molecular breast cancer subtypes. Methods A cohort of 22,931 women born 1920–1966 were followed up for breast cancer occurrence from 1961 to 2012, and 870 were diagnosed during follow-up. Archival diagnostic material from 537 patients was available to determine molecular breast cancer subtype, specified as Luminal A, Luminal B (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-), Luminal B (HER2+), HER2 type, and Triple negative (TN) breast cancer. Information on the women’s birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each molecular subtype, applying Cox regression, and stratified by maternal height. Results Birth length (per 2 cm increments) was positively associated with Luminal A (HR = 1.2, 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), Luminal B (HER2+) (HR = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.0–1.7), and TN breast cancer (HR = 1.4, 95% CI, 1.0–1.9). No clear association was found for birth weight and head circumference. The positive associations of birth length were restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall (above population median). Conclusion We found a positive association of birth length with risk of Luminal A, Luminal B (HER2+) and TN breast cancer that appears to be restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall. This may support the hypothesis that breast cancer risk is influenced by determinants of longitudinal growth and that this finding deserves further scrutiny.

Growth and Development of Children Conceived by In Vitro Fertilization

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Brandes ◽  
Joseph Itzkovits ◽  
Anat Scher ◽  
Miriam Sarid ◽  
Israel Thaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
General Physical ◽  
And Control

To assess the physical and mental development of infants born after in vitro fertilization (IVF), we performed a general physical and developmental examination (Bayley and Stanford-Binet scales) on a cohort of 116 IVF children, conceived and born at our institution between February 1985 and March 1989, and on 116 non-IVF matched controls. Study and control groups were each composed of 66 singletons, 19 pairs of twins and 4 sets of triplets, whose age at examination ranged from 12 to 45 months. The developmental indices of IVF infants were within the normal range and did not differ from those of their matched controls. The indices were positively correlated to gestational age, birth weight, head circumference at birth and at examination, and mother's education. Mean birth weight, gestational age, and birth weight percentile of IVF infants were lower than the mean of the healthy population. Mean percentiles of weight and length at examination (mean age 22.4 months) were equally low but did not differ from those of the matched controls. However, mean percentiles of head circumference at birth and at examination compare well with the normal mean, both in IVF and control groups. Twins and triplets (IVF and controls) had significantly lower physical and mental indices as compared to singletons.

DIAGNOSIS OF IMPAIRED FETAL GROWTH IN NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert C. Miller ◽  
Khatab Hassanein
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Soft Tissue Mass ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Growth Impairment ◽  
Short Body

Measurements of crown-heel length, head circumference, and birth weight were made on a large number of newborn infants. Birth weight by itself was frequently not a valid measure of fetal growth impairment. By including measurements of body length and head size along with birth weight, four distinct patterns of fetal growth impairment were identified. The four patterns included infants who had abnormally short body lengths for dates, infants who had evidence of disproportionate growth between body length and head circumference, infants who accumulated excessive amounts of soft-tissue mass, and infants who accumulated too little soft-tissue mass. Criteria for diagnosing each pattern were obtained prospectively and have been presented with allowances made for the effects of race, sex, fetal age, and parity on each pattern. The separate identification of the four patterns provided a more precise description of fetal growth impairment than could be obtained from birth weight and calculated gestational age.

Fetal Growth Retardation: Femurs, Fontanels, and Follow-up

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453
Author(s):  
Alistair G.S. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Anterior Fontanel ◽  
Group 3

Sixty-three term newborn infants with fetal growth retardation were evaluated within three days of birth. They were classified by length and head circumference. In group 1, both length and head circumference were less than the tenth percentile; in group 2, either length or head circumference was less than the tenth percentile; and in group 3, both length and head circumference were greater than the tenth percentile. Ponderal index (weight/length ratio), anterior fontanel size, and amount of epiphyseal ossification were also determined. Significantly lower birth weights and decreased ossification were found when groups 1 or 2 were compared separately with group 3. These differences were most marked when the weight/length ratio was less than 2.25. When the ponderal index was less than 2.0, epiphyseal ossification was usually absent (suggesting a chronic process). Epiphyseal ossification was positively correlated with birth weight and length but was unrelated to anterior fontanel size. Ossification was more often absent in males than in females. There was a negative (inverse) correlation between birth weight and anterior fontanel size. Follow-up of 32 of these infants at age 1 year showed marked individual variations, but there were significant differences in incremental linear growth between groups 1 and 3, a finding which supports results of animal studies showing that catch-up growth may be related to skeletal immaturity. Physical measurements at birth in the individual baby with fetal growth retardation do not reliably predict subsequent growth.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Evelyn Lipper ◽  
Kwang-sun Lee ◽  
Lawrence M. Gartner ◽  
Bruce Grellong
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Letters To The Editor

All of the infants entered into the study were low-birth-weight infants (<2,500 gm). The majority of infants had a gestational age less than 37 completed weeks, and, of these, some were also small for gestational age. Sixteen infants had a gestational age of ≥37 weeks but were included in the study because their birth weight was below the tenth percentile for their gestational age. We agree with Drs Knobloch and Malone's comment about the interrelationship of all three figures: as gastation advances, birth weight and head circumference increase.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal anaemia on birth weight of term babies

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Mohandas Nair ◽  
Gireesh S. ◽  
Rubeena Yakoob ◽  
Cheriyan N. C.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Term Impact

Background: Low birth weight is the major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and has a long-term impact on health outcome in adult life. The objectives of this study were to study the relationship between maternal anemia and birth weight of babies and to study anthropometric measures of babies born to anemic and non-anemic mothers and to correlate the timing of anemia with birth weight of babies.Methods: Term babies born in Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode from November 2014 to October 2016 fulfilling the criteria were divided into 2 groups, cases (term babies with birth weight <2500g) and controls (term babies with weight >2500g) and studied and their maternal hemoglobin values were compared.Results: Maternal anaemia in all three trimesters was found to be more in cases compared to controls. Mean 1st trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.68 g/dl which was significantly lower when compared to controls. Mean 2nd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.36 g/dl compared to 11.47 g/dl in controls. Mean 3rd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.42 g/dl which was also significantly lower compared to 11.32 g/dl in controls. SGA babies were also found to be more in cases, 89%, compared to 18% in controls. The difference in head circumference between two groups was not statistically significant. Mean length of babies were higher in controls compared to cases. Mothers with anemia at any time during pregnancy was found to have 4.3 times higher risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies compared to non-anemic mothersConclusion: Anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight and SGA, independent of the trimester. Length of babies born to anaemic mothers is also low. But it does not have a significant effect on head circumference of babies.

scholarly journals Serum Zinc Level at Term Pregnancy and Newborn Anthropometry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Seriana ◽  
Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽  
Gustina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Newborn Anthropometry

Objective: To determine the relationship between serum zinc level at term pregnancy and newborn anthropometry. Methods: This study is an observational study with cross-sectional design. Serum zinc level at term pregnancy was measured and then anthropometric measurement was done to the newborn, including birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth. The data were statistically analyzed using regression correlation test. Results: Mean serum zinc level at term pregnancy is 36.01 μg/dl (SD=18.34 μg/dl), the average birth weight is 3158 gr (SD=480.4 gr), the average birth length is 48.42 cm (SD=1.75 cm) and the average head circumference at birth is 33.13 cm (SD=1.14 cm). There was no statistically significant relationship between serum zinc levels at term pregnancy and birth weight (p-value=0.152). Meanwhile, there are statistically significant relationships between serum zinc level at term pregnancy with birth length and head circumference with pvalue 0.026 and 0.012, respectively. Conclusion: Serum zinc level at term pregnancy is correlated with birth length and head circumference, but is not correlated with birth weight. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 3-4: 190-195] Keywords: birth length, birth weight, head circumference at birth, serum zinc level, term pregnancy

scholarly journals The efficacy of fortified human milk compared to human milk alone for the growth of low birth weight infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Kumara Wati Ketut ◽  
Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih ◽  
Suandi IKG ◽  
Hamid H A
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Length Increment

Objective To evaluate the growth of low birth weight infants fedby fortified human milk (FHM) compared to human milk (HM) alone.Methods Sixty premature infants enrolled in this study and ran-domly assigned to have FHM and HM delivered by infusofeedpump,in parallel, non-blinded controlled trial. All patients were followeduntil day 30 or until discharge, whichever came first. The weightgain was recorded daily, while length and head circumference in-crement were recorded weekly.Results The FHM group gained more weight than the HM group(335.0+55.5 g vs. 290.6+108.4 g, p=0.000, 95%CI -170.2;-81.2),larger length increment (1.9+1.1cm vs. 1.2+0.4cm, p=0.000, 95%CI-1.37;-0.55), and larger head increment (1.87+1.1cm vs.0.91+0.43cm, 95%CI -1.37;-0.55). A similar result was found whenthe group was divided into subgroup of 1000-1499 g and 1500-1999 g birth weight. The larger calorie intake in the FHM groupwas the reason for better growth. No adverse effect related to theintervention was found.Conclusion The study shows the benefit of FHM in growth of lowbirth weight infants, which is consistent when the group is dividedinto 1000-1499 g birth weight and 1500-1999 g birth weight subgroups. Better growth is achieved through higher calorie intake inthe FHM group. No adverse effect is found as a consequence ofintervention

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