scholarly journals Structural impairments in hippocampal and occipitotemporal networks specifically contribute to decline in place and face category processing but not to other visual object categories in healthy aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Bourbon‐Teles ◽  
Lília Jorge ◽  
Nádia Canário ◽  
Miguel Castelo‐Branco
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Categories

scholarly journals Decoding visual object categories from temporal correlations of ECoG signals

NeuroImage ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Majima ◽  
Takeshi Matsuo ◽  
Keisuke Kawasaki ◽  
Kensuke Kawai ◽  
Nobuhito Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Object ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Object Categories

scholarly journals Visual search for object categories is predicted by the representational architecture of high-level visual cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 388-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Cohen ◽  
George A. Alvarez ◽  
Ken Nakayama ◽  
Talia Konkle
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
High Level

Visual search is a ubiquitous visual behavior, and efficient search is essential for survival. Different cognitive models have explained the speed and accuracy of search based either on the dynamics of attention or on similarity of item representations. Here, we examined the extent to which performance on a visual search task can be predicted from the stable representational architecture of the visual system, independent of attentional dynamics. Participants performed a visual search task with 28 conditions reflecting different pairs of categories (e.g., searching for a face among cars, body among hammers, etc.). The time it took participants to find the target item varied as a function of category combination. In a separate group of participants, we measured the neural responses to these object categories when items were presented in isolation. Using representational similarity analysis, we then examined whether the similarity of neural responses across different subdivisions of the visual system had the requisite structure needed to predict visual search performance. Overall, we found strong brain/behavior correlations across most of the higher-level visual system, including both the ventral and dorsal pathways when considering both macroscale sectors as well as smaller mesoscale regions. These results suggest that visual search for real-world object categories is well predicted by the stable, task-independent architecture of the visual system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we ask which neural regions have neural response patterns that correlate with behavioral performance in a visual processing task. We found that the representational structure across all of high-level visual cortex has the requisite structure to predict behavior. Furthermore, when directly comparing different neural regions, we found that they all had highly similar category-level representational structures. These results point to a ubiquitous and uniform representational structure in high-level visual cortex underlying visual object processing.

scholarly journals Birds of a Feather Flock Together: Experience-Driven Formation of Visual Object Categories in Human Ventral Temporal Cortex

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. e3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke van der Linden ◽  
Jaap M. J. Murre ◽  
Miranda van Turennout
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
Ventral Temporal Cortex

Neuronal Function in the Cortical Face Perception Network

2013 ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Tianyi Yan ◽  
Jinglong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Perceptual Skill ◽  
Multiple Regions

Face perception is considered the most developed visual perceptual skill in humans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have graphically illustrated that multiple regions exhibit a stronger neural response to faces than to other visual object categories, which were specialized for face processing. These regions are in the lateral side of the fusiform gyrus, the “fusiform face area” or FFA, in the inferior occipital gyri, the “occipital face area” or OFA, and in the superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). These regions are supposed to perform the visual analysis of faces and appear to participate differentially in different types of face perception. An important question is how faces are represented within these areas. In this chapter, the authors review the function, interaction, and topography of these regions relevant to face perception. They also discuss the human neural systems that mediate face perception and attempt to show some research dictions for face perception and neural representations.

scholarly journals Decoding Visual Object Categories in Early Somatosensory Cortex

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser W. Smith ◽  
Melvyn A. Goodale
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Categories

scholarly journals Learning to read does not compete with face and object recognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen van Paridon ◽  
Markus Ostarek ◽  
Mrudula Arunkumar ◽  
Falk Huettig
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
General Object

Human cultural inventions, such as written language, are far too recent for dedicated neural infrastructure to have evolved in its service. Culturally newly acquired skills (e.g. reading) thus ‘recycle’ evolutionarily older circuits that originally evolved for different, but similar functions (e.g. visual object recognition). The destructive competition hypothesis predicts that this neuronal recycling has detrimental effects on the cognitive functions a cortical network originally evolved for. The converse possibility is that learning to read fine-tunes general object recognition mechanisms, resulting in improved recognition across categories. In a large-scale behavioral study with literate, low-literate, and illiterate participants from the same socioeconomic background we find that even after adjusting for cognitive ability and test-taking familiarity, literacy is associated with an increase, rather than a decrease, in object recognition abilities across object categories. These results are incompatible with the claim that neuronal recycling results in destructive competition.

scholarly journals Fragment-Based Learning of Visual Object Categories

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 597-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Hegdé ◽  
Evgeniy Bart ◽  
Daniel Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Categories
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