Classification of comorbidity in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A latent class analysis

Introduction: Classic factor analysis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) dimensions and attempts to identify valid subgroups have not yet produced definitive conclusions. Objective and Methods: This study aims to examine possible homogeneous subgrouping of demographic and phenomenological characteristics in 134 treatment-seeking OCD patients. A combination of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and latent class analysis (LCA) was used. Results: MCA showed 2 distinct subgroups of OCD patients and LCA confirmed this result by a two-class solution. Both analyses demonstrated (a) a clear subgroup of female patients with washing compulsions, obsessions related to contamination, and late age of onset and (b) a subgroup comprised mostly of male patients with earlier onset of OCD, checking rituals, and doubts or aggressive obsessions. Mental, ordering, hoarding compulsions, religious, or sexual obsessions and images appeared exclusively in this subgroup. Conclusions: Using 2 different analytic methods, we confirmed at least 2 subgroups in a clinical sample of Greek OCD patients. Future research combining dimensional and latent approaches could facilitate our understanding of the heterogeneous phenotype of OCD.

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Latent class analysis of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Comprehensive Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.06.007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 334-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kevin L. Delucchi ◽

Hilga Katerberg ◽

S. Evelyn Stewart ◽

Damiaan A.J.P. Denys ◽

Christine Lochner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Latent class analysis of organic aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03165.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 391-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

P. H. Thomsen ◽

J. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Voluntary Climate Change Mitigation Actions of Young Adults: A Classification of Mitigators through Latent Class Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0102072 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e102072 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Essi A. E. Korkala ◽

Timo T. Hugg ◽

Jouni J. K. Jaakkola

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Young Adults ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Change Mitigation

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder: subclassification based on co-morbidity

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291708004753 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 1491-1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

G. Nestadt ◽

C. Z. Di ◽

M. A. Riddle ◽

M. A. Grados ◽

B. D. Greenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Latent Class ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is probably an etiologically heterogeneous condition. Many patients manifest other psychiatric syndromes. This study investigated the relationship between OCD and co-morbid conditions to identify subtypes.MethodSeven hundred and six individuals with OCD were assessed in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS). Multi-level latent class analysis was conducted based on the presence of eight co-morbid psychiatric conditions [generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depression, panic disorder (PD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), tics, mania, somatization disorders (Som) and grooming disorders (GrD)]. The relationship of the derived classes to specific clinical characteristics was investigated.ResultsTwo and three classes of OCD syndromes emerge from the analyses. The two-class solution describes lesser and greater co-morbidity classes and the more descriptive three-class solution is characterized by: (1) an OCD simplex class, in which major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most frequent additional disorder; (2) an OCD co-morbid tic-related class, in which tics are prominent and affective syndromes are considerably rarer; and (3) an OCD co-morbid affective-related class in which PD and affective syndromes are highly represented. The OCD co-morbid tic-related class is predominantly male and characterized by high conscientiousness. The OCD co-morbid affective-related class is predominantly female, has a young age at onset, obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) features, high scores on the ‘taboo’ factor of OCD symptoms, and low conscientiousness.ConclusionsOCD can be classified into three classes based on co-morbidity. Membership within a class is differentially associated with other clinical characteristics. These classes, if replicated, should have important implications for research and clinical endeavors.

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