scholarly journals Spatial learning and long-term memory impairments in RasGrf1 KO, Pttg1 KO, and double KO mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e01089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Manyes ◽  
Sarah Holst ◽  
Manuel Lozano ◽  
Eugenio Santos ◽  
Alberto Fernandez-Medarde
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments

Silymarin Prevents Memory Impairments, Anxiety, and Depressive-Like Symptoms in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamam El-Elimat ◽  
Karem Alzoubi ◽  
Mahmoud AbuAlSamen ◽  
Zeinab Al Subeh ◽  
Tyler Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychopathological disease that is triggered by exposure to traumatic events. It is usually associated with substantial comorbidities, such as cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. Silymarin has been recently reported to exert neuroprotective activities against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimerʼs and Parkinsonʼs diseases. Herein, the beneficial effects of silymarin in ameliorating PTSD-like symptoms such as memory impairments, anxiety, and depression were evaluated using a single-prolonged stress (SPS) rat model of PTSD. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, silymarin, SPS, or SPS + silymarin. Rats were administrated silymarin, 100 mg/kg i. p. for 4 wk. Rats in all groups were tested for short- and long-term memory in the radial arm water maze (RAWM), for anxiety-like behaviors using the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and for depression-like symptoms using the tail suspension test (TST). Conventional analyses of the RAWM, EPM, OFT, and TST were conducted using analysis of variance. Additionally, the anxiety-related behavior parameters of the EPM and OFT were entered to principal component analysis. Regression scores based on the first two extracted components, which accounted for 61% of the variance, were indicative of the anxiolytic activity of silymarin. Collectively, the results suggest that silymarin treatment prevents SPS-induced long-term memory impairments, anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms in rat models.

scholarly journals Constitutive differences in glucocorticoid responsiveness are related to divergent spatial information processing abilities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Huzard ◽  
Avgoustinos Vouros ◽  
Silvia Monari ◽  
Simone Astori ◽  
Eleni Vasilaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Maze Task ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task

The stress response facilitates survival through adaptation and is intimately related to cognitive processes. The Morris water maze task probes spatial learning and memory in rodents and glucocorticoids (i.e. corticosterone in rats) have been suggested to elicit a facilitating action on memory formation. Moreover, the early aging period (around 16-18 months of age) is susceptible to stress- and glucocorticoid-mediated acceleration of cognitive decline. In this study, we tested three lines of rats selectively bred according to their individual differences in corticosterone responsiveness to repeated stress exposure during juvenility. We investigated whether endogenous differences in glucocorticoid responses influenced spatial learning, long-term memory and reversal learning abilities in a Morris water maze task at early aging. Additionally, we assessed the quality of the different swimming strategies of the rats. Our results indicate that rats with differential corticosterone responsiveness exhibit similar spatial learning abilities but different long-term memory retention and reversal learning. Specifically, the high corticosterone responding line had a better long-term spatial memory, while the low corticosterone responding line was impaired for both long-term retention and reversal learning. Our modeling analysis of performance strategies revealed further important line-related differences. Therefore, our findings support the view that individuals with high corticosterone responsiveness would form stronger long-term memories to navigate in stressful environments. Conversely, individuals with low corticosterone responsiveness would be impaired at different phases of spatial learning and memory.

Ligand-Dependent TrkA Activity in Brain Differentially Affects Spatial Learning and Long-Term Memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahar Aboulkassim ◽  
Xin-Kang Tong ◽  
Yiu Chung Tse ◽  
Tak-Pan Wong ◽  
Sang B. Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Disturbance in Mammalian Cognition Caused by Accumulation of Silver in Brain

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Antsiferova ◽  
Marina Yu. Kopaeva ◽  
Vyacheslav N. Kochkin ◽  
Pavel K. Kashkarov ◽  
Mikhail V. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Hippocampal Cell ◽  
The Brain

The influence of daily prolonged administration of silver nanoparticles on the cognitive functions of a model mammal was studied. The accumulation of silver in the whole brain and the hippocampus, cerebellum, cortex and residual brain tissue of the mouse was investigated by highly precise and representative neutron activation analysis, and histological studies were conducted. Here, we show that long-term memory impairments were caused by the accumulation of silver nanoparticles in the brain and its subregions, such as the hippocampus, cerebellum and cortex, in a step-like manner by disturbance of hippocampal cell integrity. Three different approaches allowed us to observe this phenomenon and discover the reasons it occurred.

scholarly journals Memory impairments and increased GFAP expression in hippocampal astrocytes following hypercaloric diet in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fernandes Bondan ◽  
Carolina Vieira Cardoso ◽  
Maria de Fátima Monteiro Martins ◽  
Rosemari Otton
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Hypercaloric Diet

ABSTRACT Objective: Hypothalamic inflammation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) overexpression in astrocytes are well described in obese animals, as are some cognitive and memory deficits. As the hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information, this investigation aimed to observe the memory function and the astrocyte expression of GFAP in the hippocampus of rats that received either a hypercaloric or a normocaloric diet. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats received a high-fat (cafeteria) or a standard diet for 60 days. On the 61st day, the rats were submitted to the novel object recognition (NOR) test at three and 24 hours after the first contact with objects, to assess short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Thereafter, the rats were euthanized and their brains were collected for GFAP immunohistochemical investigation in the hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3 areas) and hypothalamus (periventricular and arcuate nuclei). Astrocytic reactivity was assessed by morphometry. Different white adipose tissue depots and brown adipose tissue were weighed to calculate the adiposity index. Results: The hypercaloric diet increased body weight gain, adiposity index, white adipose tissue weight (epididymal, subcutaneous and retroperitoneal) and brown adipose tissue weight. Rats fed with the hypercaloric diet showed short-term and long-term memory impairments in the NOR test, as well as increased GFAP expression in astrocytes from all analyzed hypothalamic and hippocampal areas. Conclusion: This astrogliosis suggests that the neuroinflammatory response also occurs in the hippocampus and may be involved in the memory losses observed in obese/overweight animals.

Working Memory in Aphasia: Considering Discourse Processing and Treatment Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 040-051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Henderson ◽  
Hana Kim ◽  
Stephen Kintz ◽  
Nicole Frisco ◽  
Heather Wright
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Discourse Processing ◽  
Phonological Loop ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Episodic Buffer ◽  
Visuospatial Sketchpad

Evidence suggests that persons with aphasia (PWAs) present with working memory impairments that affect a variety of language tasks. Most of these studies have focused on the phonological loop component of working memory and little attention has been paid to the episodic buffer component. The episodic buffer, as a limited capacity, multimodal system that binds and integrates information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory would likely be involved in discourse processing. The purposes of this article were to (1) review discourse level deficits associated with aphasia, (2) describe how a deficit at the level of the episodic buffer could cause such deficits, (3) to review discourse treatment approaches for PWAs, and (4) present preliminary results from a novel discourse treatment study for PWAs.

scholarly journals Subregion-specific p300 conditional knock-out mice exhibit long-term memory impairments

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Oliveira ◽  
M. A. Estevez ◽  
J. D. Hawk ◽  
S. Grimes ◽  
P. K. Brindle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Knock Out Mice

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effects of Neonatal Inflammatory Pain on Cognitive Function and Stress Hormones Depend on the Heterogeneity of the Adolescent Period of Development in Male and Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina P. Butkevich ◽  
Viktor A. Mikhailenko ◽  
Elena A. Vershinina ◽  
Gordon A. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Term Memory

Exposure to stress at an early age programs the HPA axis which can lead to cognitive deficits in adults. However, it is not known whether these deficits emerge in adulthood or are expressed earlier in life. The aims of the study were to investigate (1) the immediate effects of early injury-induced stress in one-day-old (P1) and repeated stress on at P1 and P2 rat pups on plasma corticosterone levels; and (2) examine the subsequent long-term effects of this early stress on spatial learning and memory, and stress reactivity in early P26-34 and late P45-53 adolescent male and female rats. Intra-plantar injection of formalin induced prolonged and elevated levels of corticosterone in pups and impaired spatial learning and short- and long-term memory in late adolescent males and long-term memory in early adolescent females. There were sex differences in late adolescence in both learning and short-term memory. Performance on the long-term memory task was better than that on the short-term memory task for all early adolescent male and female control and stressed animals. Short-term memory was better in the late age control rats of both sexes and for formalin treated females as compared with the early age rats. These results are consistent with an impaired function of structures involved in memory (the hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex) after newborn pain. However, activation of the HPA axis by neonatal pain did not directly correlate with spatial learning and memory outcomes and the consequences of neonatal pain remain are likely multi-determined.

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