Literature‐based learning and experimental design model in molecular biology teaching for medical students at Tongji University

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xiaojuan Xu ◽  
Xiujuan Shi ◽  
Jieping Zhang ◽  
Furong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Biology Teaching ◽  
Tongji University

The Experimental Design Model

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-125
Author(s):  
Richard J. Brook ◽  
Gregory C. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Design Model

Improving Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-781
Author(s):  
Sarah McBrien ◽  
Zachary Bailey ◽  
Jonathan Ryder ◽  
Paige Scholer ◽  
Geoffrey Talmon
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pathology Education

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the strength of study design and outcomes in literature describing pathology education for medical students.MethodsA search was conducted for articles related to pathology education published over 45 years describing an educational intervention. The primary data collected included phase of education, domain of objectives, number of learners and institutions, type of intervention, use of a comparison/control group, randomization, and strength of statistical analysis.ResultsOf 655 articles, 54 (8%) met inclusion criteria. The majority (65%) reported experiences of 100 learners or fewer, and only one was multi-institutional. Only 46% used a comparison/control group. Statistical significance of results was not reported in 39%. None examined outcomes at a point distant from the educational intervention.ConclusionsMost studies describing pathology educational interventions are not of strong experimental design. Consumers of educational research should be cognizant of these potential weaknesses in educational studies.

scholarly journals A Novel Pharmacological Method to Study the Chinese Medicinal Formula Hua-Zheng-Hui-Sheng-Dan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Cao ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Xiao-hui Liu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Original Formula

Objectives. Hua-Zheng-Hui-Sheng-Dan (HZHSD) was used as an experimental model to explore research methods of large formulae in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) using current molecular biology approaches.Materials and Methods. The trypan blue exclusion assay was used to determine cell viability and cell numbers. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The concentration of cyclin D1 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median effect principle was used in drug combination studies. An orthogonal experimental design was used to estimate the effects of each herb at different concentrations. The HeLa xenograft mouse model was used to compare the antitumor activity of drugs in vivo.Results. Among the 35 herbs that comprise HZHSD, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (RRP),Caesalpinia sappan(CS),Evodia rutaecarpa(ER), Folium Artemisiae Argyi (FAA),Leonurus japonicusHoutt (LJH), Tumeric (Tu), Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA), and Trogopterus Dung (TD) effectively inhibited the proliferation of HeLa and SKOV3 cells. Only RRR had an effect on HeLa and SKOV3 cell viability. According to the median effect principle,Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) (AS),Tabanus(Ta), and Pollen Typhae (PT), which were proven to have a significant synergistic inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HeLa cells, were added to the original eight positive herbs. The combination of RPA and AS had a synergistic effect on inducing cell cycle S phase arrest and decreasing intracellular cyclin D1 in HeLa cells. By orthogonal experimental design, LJH and Tu were considered unnecessary herbs. The small formula (SHZHSD) consisted of RPA, AS, RRR, Ta., TD, PT, ER, CS, and FAA and was able to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. The antitumor effects of HZHSD and SHZHSD were also compared in vivo.Conclusions. Through molecular biology approaches both in vitro and in vivo, research into single drugs, and analysis using the median effect principle and orthogonal experimental design, the small formula (SHZHSD) was determined from the original formula (HZHSD). SHZHSD exhibited superior antitumor activity compared with the original formula both in vitro and in vivo.

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