Purity Assessment of Monosaccharides using Mass Balance Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1002-1008
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Lee ◽  
Ha‐Jeong Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Purity Assessment ◽  
Mass Balance Method

scholarly journals Purity Assessment of Organic Reference Materials with a Mass Balance Method: A Case Study of Endosulfan-II

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Joonhee Lee ◽  
Seonghee Ahn ◽  
Young-Sin Song ◽  
Dong-Kyum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Purity Assessment ◽  
Mass Balance Method

Carbon and nitrogen budgets of a winter rapeseed field in Estonia: a methodology for the quantification of all relevant pools and fluxes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Escuer-Gatius ◽  
Krista Lõhmus ◽  
Merrit Shanskiy ◽  
Karin Kauer ◽  
Hanna Vahter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
N Cycle ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Mass Balance Method ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
C And N

<p>Agricultural activities can have several adverse impacts on the environment; such as important greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To implement effective mitigation measures and create effective policies, it is necessary to know the full carbon and nitrogen budgets of agro-ecosystems. However, very often, information regarding the pools or fluxes involved in the carbon and nitrogen cycles is limited, and essential complementary data needed for a proper interpretation is lacking.</p><p>This study aimed to quantify all the relevant pools and fluxes of a winter rapeseed, a widely spread crop in the Europe and Baltic regions. The N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes were measured weekly using the closed static chamber method from August 2016 to August 2017 in a winter rapeseed field in Central Estonia. Additionally, nutrient leaching and soil chemical parameters, as well as environmental parameters like soil moisture, electrical conductivity and temperature were monitored. At the end of the season, the rapeseed and weed biomasses were collected, weighed and analyzed. The remaining relevant fluxes in the N cycle were calculated using various non-empirical methods: NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization was estimated from slurry and environmental parameters, N deposition and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions were obtained from national reports, and N<sub>2</sub> emissions were calculated with the mass balance method. Regarding the C cycle, gross primary production (GPP) of the rapeseed field was also calculated by the mass balance method. Simultaneously, for comparison and validation purposes, GPP was estimated from the data provided by MOD17A2H v006 series from NASA, and N<sub>2</sub> was estimated from the measured emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O using the N<sub>2</sub>:N<sub>2</sub>O ratio calculated from the DAYCENT model equations.</p><p>N<sub>2</sub> emissions and GPP were the biggest fluxes in the N and C cycles, respectively. N<sub>2</sub> emissions were followed by N extracted with plant biomass in the N cycle, while in the carbon cycle soil and plant respiration and NPP were the highest fluxes after GPP. The carbon balance was positive at the soil level, with a net increase in soil carbon during the period, mainly due to GPP carbon capture. Contrarily, the nitrogen balance resulted in a net loss of N due to the losses related to gaseous emissions (N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O) and leaching.</p><p>To conclude, it was possible to close the C and N budgets, despite the inherent difficulties of estimating the different C and N environmental pools and fluxes, and the uncertainties deriving from some of the fluxes estimations.</p>

scholarly journals A simplified implementation of the stationary liquid mass balance method for on-line OUR monitoring in animal cell cultures

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreu Fontova ◽  
Martí Lecina ◽  
Jonatan López-Repullo ◽  
Iván Martínez-Monge ◽  
Pere Comas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Mass Balance Method ◽  
Liquid Mass ◽  
Stationary Liquid ◽  
Animal Cell Cultures ◽  
On Line

Determination of the volatilization of ammonia from surface-applied cattle slurry by the micrometeorological mass balance method

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
H. J. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
Mass Balance Method ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Grass Growth

Agronomic experiments have shown that nitrogen applied in organic manures gives variable responses in grass growth (van Dijk & Sturm, 1983; Smith, Unwin & Williams, 1985). In a series of field trials in southern England, the average apparent recovery in herbage of the nitrogen from cow slurry was only 13% (Unwin, Pain & Whinham, 1986). The volatilization of ammonia from spread slurry is one possible mechanism for the nitrogen inefficiency (Freney, Simpson & Denmead, 1983; Ryden, 1984). Direct measurements of ammonia loss from land surfaces can be made by micrometeorological methods (Denmead, 1983) and, using the micrometeorological mass balance technique, high rates of ammonia loss were recorded after the land spreading of liquid dairy cattle manure in Canada (Beauchamp, Kidd & Thurtell, 1982). The micrometeorological mass balance method has been used in England to measure ammonia loss from a grazed sward (Ryden & McNeill, 1984). This paper presents the results of an experiment where the same method was used to measure the ammonia loss after land-spreading cattle slurry in Northern Ireland.

Leaf-litter accretion and decomposition in interior and coastal old-growth redwood stands

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Pillers ◽  
John D. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Mass Balance Method ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Mass Balance Analysis

Litter fall and litter decomposition were measured in old-growth coastal redwood (Sequoiasempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) forests. Hillside and bottomland areas at inland and coastal locations were selected as representative sites. Both litter-bag and insitu mass-balance analyses were used to determine decomposition rates. Average annual litter fall at the four sites ranged from 3120 to 4690 kg•ha−1•year−1. Decomposition rate constants (k) calculated from the mass-balance analysis ranged from 0.117 to 0.238 year−1. Values of k estimated from the litter-bag analysis ranged from 0.273 to 0.405 year−1. Equilibrium litter loads from mass-balance analysis ranged from 15 700 to 30 000 kg•ha−1. Equilibrium litter loads estimated from litter-bag analysis ranged from 7760 to 14 500 kg•ha−1. Litter-layer equilibrium was between 12 and 26 years using the mass-balance analysis and between 7 and 11 years with the litter-bag study. The mass-balance method for calculating decomposition constants showed that litter at coastal sites decomposed faster than at inland sites. There were no differences between upland and bottomland sites. The litter-bag method, in contrast, indicated that litter at inland sites decomposed faster than at coastal sites. Significant regressions of litter decomposition constants as functions of summer average relative humidity, temperature, vapor-pressure deficit, and litter moisture were found with the mass-balance method. There were no significant regressions of temperature and moisture variables with litter decomposition constants calculated with the litter-bag analysis.

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