scholarly journals Vascularization of iNSC spheroid in a 3D spheroid‐on‐a‐chip platform enhances neural maturation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nari Shin ◽  
Youngtaek Kim ◽  
Jihoon Ko ◽  
Soon Won Choi ◽  
Sujin Hyung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Maturation

scholarly journals Changes in the coordination between respiration and swallowing from suckling through weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 20190942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Bond ◽  
Christopher J. Mayerl ◽  
Bethany M. Stricklen ◽  
Rebecca Z. German ◽  
Francois D. H. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Infant Development ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Neural Maturation

All mammals undergo weaning from milk to solid food. This process requires substantial changes to mammalian oropharyngeal function. The coordination of swallowing and respiration is a crucial component of maintaining airway function throughout feeding and matures over infant development. However, how this coordination is affected by weaning is unknown. In this study, we ask how changes in posture, neural maturation and food properties associated with the weaning affect coordination of respiration and swallowing in a validated infant pig model. We recorded seven piglets feeding before and during the weaning age with liquid milk in a bottle and in a bowl, and solid feed in a bowl. Using videofluoroscopy synchronized with respiration, we found (i) the delay in the onset of inspiration after swallowing does not change with head position, (ii) the delay is different between solid food and bowl drinking at the same age and (iii) the delay increases over time when bottle feeding, suggesting a maturational effect. Significant changes in aerodigestive coordination occur prior to and post-weaning, resulting in distinctive patterns for liquid and solid food. The interplay of maturational timelines of oropharyngeal function at weaning may serve as a locus for behavioural and life-history plasticity.

scholarly journals Neural maturation enhanced by exercise-induced extracellular derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Youl Moon ◽  
Kyeong Jin Yoon ◽  
Won Sang Lee ◽  
Hae-Sung Cho ◽  
Do-Yeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Maturation ◽  
Exercise Induced

Transcriptional and posttranscriptional events associated with neural maturation

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry C. Johnson ◽  
Phillip K. Weck
Keyword(s):  
Neural Maturation

scholarly journals A novel Oct4/Pou5f1-like non-coding RNA controls neural maturation and mediates developmental effects of ethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 106943
Author(s):  
Nihal A. Salem ◽  
Amanda H. Mahnke ◽  
Alexander M. Tseng ◽  
Cadianna R. Garcia ◽  
Hooman K. Jahromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Neural Maturation

scholarly journals CDX4 regulates the progression of neural maturation in the spinal cord

2019 ◽  
Vol 449 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Joshi ◽  
Andrew J. Darr ◽  
Isaac Skromne
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neural Maturation

scholarly journals Latent iron deficiency at birth influences auditory neural maturation in late preterm and term infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Choudhury ◽  
Sanjiv B Amin ◽  
Asha Agarwal ◽  
LM Srivastava ◽  
Arun Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Latent Iron Deficiency ◽  
Neural Maturation

ABSTRACT Background: In utero latent iron deficiency has been associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes during childhood. Its concomitant effect on auditory neural maturation has not been well studied in late preterm and term infants. Objective: The objective was to determine whether in utero iron status is associated with auditory neural maturation in late preterm and term infants. Design: This prospective cohort study was performed at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India. Infants with a gestational age ≥34 wk were eligible unless they met the exclusion criteria: craniofacial anomalies, chromosomal disorders, hemolytic disease, multiple gestation, third-trimester maternal infection, chorioamnionitis, toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex virus infections (TORCH), Apgar score <5 at 5 min, sepsis, cord blood not collected, or auditory evaluation unable to be performed. Sixty consecutive infants with risk factors for iron deficiency, such as small for gestational age and maternal diabetes, and 30 without risk factors for iron deficiency were enrolled. Absolute wave latencies and interpeak latencies, evaluated by auditory brainstem response within 48 h after birth, were measured and compared between infants with latent iron deficiency (serum ferritin ≤75 ng/mL) and infants with normal iron status (serum ferritin >75 ng/mL) at birth. Results: Twenty-three infants had latent iron deficiency. Infants with latent iron deficiency had significantly prolonged wave V latencies (7.10 ± 0.68 compared with 6.60 ± 0.66), III–V interpeak latencies (2.37 ± 0.64 compared with 2.07 ± 0.33), and I–V interpeak latencies (5.10 ± 0.57 compared with 4.72 ± 0.56) compared with infants with normal iron status (P < 0.05). This difference remained significant on regression analyses after control for confounders. No difference was noted between latencies I and III and interpeak latencies I–III. Conclusion: Latent iron deficiency is associated with abnormal auditory neural maturation in infants at ≥34 wk gestational age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02503397.

scholarly journals Left-right asymmetry of the Maxwell spot centroids in adults without and with dyslexia

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1865) ◽  
pp. 20171380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Le Floch ◽  
Guy Ropars
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Dominant Eye ◽  
Neural Maturation ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Adults ◽  
Free Area

In human vision, the brain has to select one view of the world from our two eyes. However, the existence of a clear anatomical asymmetry providing an initial imbalance for normal neural development is still not understood. Using a so-called foveascope, we found that for a cohort of 30 normal adults, the two blue cone-free areas at the centre of the foveas are asymmetrical. The noise-stimulated afterimage dominant eye introduced here corresponds to the circular blue cone-free area, while the non-dominant eye corresponds to the diffuse and irregular elliptical outline. By contrast, we found that this asymmetry is absent or frustrated in a similar cohort of 30 adults with normal ocular status, but with dyslexia, i.e. with visual and phonological deficits. In this case, our results show that the two Maxwell centroid outlines are both circular but lead to an undetermined afterimage dominance with a coexistence of primary and mirror images. The interplay between the lack of asymmetry and the development in the neural maturation of the brain pathways suggests new implications in both fundamental and biomedical sciences.

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