Characterization of a pilot plant airlift tower loop bioreactor: II. Evaluation of global mixing properties of the gas phase during yeast cultivation

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 910-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fröhlich ◽  
M. Lotz ◽  
T. Korte ◽  
A. Lübbert ◽  
K. Schügerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Mixing Properties

Prediction of the O2 Conditions in the Selector

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kruit ◽  
F. Boley ◽  
L. J. A. M. Jacobs ◽  
T. W. M. Wouda
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Coarse Filter ◽  
Plant Research ◽  
Influent Characterization

Influent characterization and biosorption experiments were carried out with settled influent of seven wastewater treatment plants to study the influence of O2 in the selector in relation to the success of developing good settling properties of the sludge. In previous years working selectors were installed and/or pilot plant research was carried out at these wastewater treatment plants. Characterization of the influent was done with help of standard COD and BOD measurements with help of a coarse filter. The research has elucidated that the presence of O2 in the selector, at initial sludge loadings of 3.5-6.5 kg BOD/kg MLSS.d, is important for producing good settling properties of the sludge when the sum of readily biodegradable COD and rapidly hydrolysable COD is greater than 40%. When the sum of sludge COD and slow hydrolysable COD is greater than 50% an unaerated selector can be used.

Characterization of 56 airborne persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in gas-phase and particle-phase

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Li Tan ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yingjian Dong ◽  
Siyuan Li ◽  
Xuehan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Particle Phase

scholarly journals Characterization of gas-phase thorium nitride

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (14) ◽  
pp. 144304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh T. Le ◽  
Sanjay G. Nakhate ◽  
Duc-Trung Nguyen ◽  
Timothy C. Steimle ◽  
Michael C. Heaven
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase

ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Ionized Carbenes in the Gas Phase

ChemInform ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Robert Flammang ◽  
Minh Tho Nguyen ◽  
Guy Bouchoux ◽  
Pascal Gerbaux
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Abstract Characterization

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Native Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Methods to Monitor Homogeneous Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Evolène Deslignière ◽  
Anthony Ehkirch ◽  
Bastiaan L. Duivelshof ◽  
Hanna Toftevall ◽  
Jonathan Sjögren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Native Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Conjugation Process ◽  
Antibody Drug

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are biotherapeutics consisting of a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) linked covalently to a cytotoxic drug. Early generation ADCs were predominantly obtained through non-selective conjugation methods based on lysine and cysteine residues, resulting in heterogeneous populations with varying drug-to-antibody ratios (DAR). Site-specific conjugation is one of the current challenges in ADC development, allowing for controlled conjugation and production of homogeneous ADCs. We report here the characterization of a site-specific DAR2 ADC generated with the GlyCLICK three-step process, which involves glycan-based enzymatic remodeling and click chemistry, using state-of-the-art native mass spectrometry (nMS) methods. The conjugation process was monitored with size exclusion chromatography coupled to nMS (SEC-nMS), which offered a straightforward identification and quantification of all reaction products, providing a direct snapshot of the ADC homogeneity. Benefits of SEC-nMS were further demonstrated for forced degradation studies, for which fragments generated upon thermal stress were clearly identified, with no deconjugation of the drug linker observed for the T-GlyGLICK-DM1 ADC. Lastly, innovative ion mobility-based collision-induced unfolding (CIU) approaches were used to assess the gas-phase behavior of compounds along the conjugation process, highlighting an increased resistance of the mAb against gas-phase unfolding upon drug conjugation. Altogether, these state-of-the-art nMS methods represent innovative approaches to investigate drug loading and distribution of last generation ADCs, their evolution during the bioconjugation process and their impact on gas-phase stabilities. We envision nMS and CIU methods to improve the conformational characterization of next generation-empowered mAb-derived products such as engineered nanobodies, bispecific ADCs or immunocytokines.

Consistent characterization of the electronic ground state of Iron (II) Phthalocyanine from valence and core-shell electron spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Laurent ◽  
John Bozek ◽  
Marc BRIANT ◽  
Pierre Carcabal ◽  
Denis Cubaynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Organometallic Compound ◽  
Electronic Ground State ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Shell Electron ◽  
Phthalocyanine Molecule ◽  
Electronic Ground

We studied the Iron (II) Phthalocyanine molecule in the gas-phase. It is a complex transition organometallic compound, for which, the characterization of its electronic ground state is still debated more...

Capture of CO2 by a Cationic Nickel(I) Complex in the Gas Phase and Characterization of the Bound, Activated CO2 Molecule by Cryogenic Ion Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1282-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian S. Menges ◽  
Stephanie M. Craig ◽  
Niklas Tötsch ◽  
Aaron Bloomfield ◽  
Subrata Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Vibrational Predissociation
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