High-Rate two-phase process for the anaerobic degradation of cellulose, employing rumen microorganisms for an efficient acidogenesis

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub J. Gijzen ◽  
Kor B. Zwart ◽  
Frank J. M. Verhagen ◽  
Godfried P. Vogels
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Phase Process

The Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Biofilter Process

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Kaiser ◽  
Richard R. Dague
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
In Series ◽  
Two Temperature

The “temperature-phased anaerobic biofilter” or TPAB process (U.S. Patent pending), is a new high-rate anaerobic treatment system that includes a thermophilic (56°C) biofilter connected in series with a mesophilic (35°C) biofilter providing for two-temperature, two-phase treatment. Three TPAB systems of different thermophilic:mesophilic reactor size ratios were operated at system HRTs of 24 hrs, 36 hrs, and 48 hrs to characterize performance and to determine if an optimum size ratio exists between the thermophilic and mesophilic phases. The three TPAB systems achieved SCOD reductions in excess of 97% and TCOD reductions in excess of 90% for a synthetic milk substrate over a range of system COD loadings from 2 g COD/L/day to 16 g COD/L/day. There was little difference in performance between the three TPAB systems based on COD reduction and methane production. The 1:7 ratio of thermophilic:mesophilic phase TPAB system performed as well as the 1:3 and 1:1 size ratio TPAB systems. In applications of the process, a relatively small thermophilic first-phase can be used without sacrificing overall two-phase system performance. The TPAB process is a promising new anaerobic treatment technology with the ability to achieve higher efficiencies of organic removals than is generally possible for single-stage anaerobic filter systems operated at equivalent HRTs and organic loadings.

Generic application of an aqueous two-phase process for protein recovery from animal blood

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Rito-Palomares ◽  
Christopher Dale ◽  
Andrew Lyddiatt
Keyword(s):  
Protein Recovery ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Phase Process

Operando XRD study of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 high-voltage cathode under high-rate charge-discharge reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. S8-S13
Author(s):  
T. Konya ◽  
Y. Shiramata ◽  
T. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Insertion Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Lattice Volume ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Spinel Cathode

Structural variation of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel cathode during the Li+ extraction/insertion reaction was studied using operando X-ray diffraction. It was found that the reaction in the voltage range from 3.5 to 4.9 V consisted of two consecutive two-phase reactions, where three spinel phases of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4, Li0.5Mn1.5Ni0.5O4 and Mn1.5Ni0.5O4 were identified and the lattice volume change in the whole reaction was evaluated as 6%. The reactions were symmetric and reversible under low-current conditions, but some asymmetries were detected during high current operation. Furthermore, a two-phase reaction between cubic and tetragonal phases was observed in the low-voltage reaction at 2.1–3.5 V, where the lattice volume change was approximately 4.9%. The rate-determining step was discussed based on these operando results.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORMELOXIFENE FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Abdul Hasan Sathali ◽  
Ramanathan M
Keyword(s):  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Phase Process

The objective of the present work was to enhancedissolution and solubility of slightly water soluble ormeloxifene hydrochloride and formulate fast dissolving tablets. The research work was two-phase process, the first phase was to enhance the solubility and dissolution of ormeloxifene. For this object drugwas processed with different solid dispersion techniques like kneading, co precipitation, melting and solvent evaporation technique with

Application of high-salinity stress for enhancing the lipid productivity of Chlorella sorokiniana HS1 in a two-phase process

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kakarla ◽  
Jung-Woon Choi ◽  
Jin-Ho Yun ◽  
Byung-Hyuk Kim ◽  
Jina Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
High Salinity Stress ◽  
Phase Process

A high rate capability and long lifespan symmetric sodium-ion battery system based on a bipolar material Na2LiV2(PO4)3/C

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 9962-9970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Zonglin Zuo ◽  
Jianqiu Deng ◽  
Qingrong Yao ◽  
Zhongmin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anode Material ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sodium Ion Battery ◽  
High Rate Capability ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Battery System

A rhombohedral structured two-phase Na2LiV2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite was synthesized and employed as both cathode and anode material.

Anaerobic pre-treatment of petrochemical effluents: terephthalic acid wastewater

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbert Kleerebezem ◽  
Joost Mortier ◽  
Look W. Hulshoff Pol ◽  
Gatze Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactors

During petrochemical production of purified terephthalic acid (PTA, 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid), a large quantity of concentrated effluent is produced. Main polluting compounds in this wastewater are terephthalic acid, acetic acid and benzoic acid in decreasing order of concentration. Acetic acid and benzoic acid are known to be rapidly degraded in high rate anaerobic treatment systems, such as Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactors. Concerning the kinetics of anaerobic mineralization of terephthalic acid, however, no information is available in literuature. Therefore our work focused on the anaerobic degradation of neutralized terephthalic acid (disodium terephthalate) in laboratory scale UASB-reactors and batch reactors. It was found that high rate anaerobic treatment of terephthalate was difficult to obtain due to the low growth rate (μ ≈ 0.04 day−1) of the terephthalate mineralizing mixed culture. The maximum removal capacity of a lab-scale UASB-reactor was found to be 3.9 g COD.1−1 .day−1 at a loading rate of 4.5 g COD.1−1 .day−1 and a hydraulic retention time of 24 hours. Terephthalate was used as sole carbon source during these experiments. Addition of small amounts of sucrose (co-substrate) to the influent, as a source of reducing equivalents, was found to have a negative influence on the anaerobic degradation of terephthalate. Also benzoate was found to inhibit the mineralization of terephthalate. Batch-toxicity experiments showed that terephthalate is not toxic to any of the species involved in its mineralization. Based on these observations, a staged anaerobic reactor system is suggested for the anaerobic pre-treatment of PTA-wastewater.

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