Characterization of porous poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) sponges fabricated by supercritical CO2 gas-foaming method as a scaffold for three-dimensional growth of Hep3B cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 998-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hao Zhu ◽  
Lai Yeng Lee ◽  
Jie Sheng Hong Jackson ◽  
Yen Wah Tong ◽  
Chi-Hwa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Hep3b Cells ◽  
Gas Foaming ◽  
Porous Poly

Synthesis and Characterization of High Quality InN Nanowires and Nano-networks

2007 ◽  
Vol 1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Cai ◽  
Samir Garzon ◽  
Richard A. Webb ◽  
Goutam Koley
Keyword(s):  
Fast Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Large Area ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Quartz Tube Furnace

ABSTRACTHigh quality InN nanowires have been synthesized in a horizontal quartz-tube furnace through direct reaction between metallic Indium and Ammonia using Nitrogen as the carrier gas. Thin film of Au on SiO2/Si substrate has been used as the catalyst layer, facilitating vapor-liquid-solid growth of the nanostructures. The nanowires were grown at a very fast rate of up to 30 μm/hr. Smooth and horizontal nanowire growth was achieved only with nanoscale catalyst patterns, while large area catalyst coverage resulted in uncontrolled and three-dimensional growth. The InN nanowires, which were usually covered with a thin shell layer of In2O3, grew along [110] direction, with overall diameters 20 - 60 nm and lengths 5 - 15 μm. The synthesized nanowires bent spontaneously or got deflected from other nanowires at multiples of 30 degrees forming nano-networks. The catalyst particles for the NWs were found mostly at the sides of the NW apex which helped them to bend spontaneously or get deflected from other NWs at angles which were multiples of 30 degrees. The NW based FETs with a back-gated configuration have already been investigated. The gate-bias dependent mobility of the NWs ranged from 55 cm2/Vs to 220 cm2/Vs, and their carrier concentration was ∼1018 cm−3.

Photoluminescence characterization of KH2PO4 crystal: application to three-dimensional growth-sector identification

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 3063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Gouldieff ◽  
Frank R. Wagner ◽  
Bertrand Bertussi ◽  
François Guillet ◽  
Jean-Yves Natoli
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Growth Sector ◽  
Dimensional Growth

ELECTROREFLECTANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE Ge/Si GROOVE ISLAND STRUCTURES

2003 ◽  
Vol 02 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
YO-YU CHEN ◽  
S. C. LIN ◽  
C. R. LU ◽  
C. T. CHIA ◽  
H. H. CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Quantum Confinement ◽  
Transition Energy ◽  
Quantum Confinement Effect ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Transitions ◽  
Wetting Layer ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Electroreflectance Spectroscopy

The optical properties of Ge/Si groove island structures were investigated by the electroreflectance spectroscopy at various temperatures. Optical transitions involving the groove islands near the spectral range of 2~2.5 eV were observed. When the Ge growth temperature is decreased, the three-dimensional growth of the Ge island on the wetting layer is suppressed and the Ge/Si intermixing formation of stacking grooves in the Si layers is enhanced. The corresponding spectral intensity is increased and the transition energy is reduced due to the quantum confinement effect.

Characterization of photosystem II with the atomic-force microscope

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1146-1147
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Marr ◽  
Mary K. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Oxygen Evolving ◽  
Averaging Techniques

Photosystem II (PSII) is different from all other reaction centers in that it splits water to evolve oxygen and hydrogen ions. This unique ability to evolve oxygen is partly due to three oxygen evolving polypeptides (OEPs) associated with the PSII complex. Freeze etching on grana derived insideout membranes revealed that the OEPs contribute to the observed tetrameric nature of the PSIl particle; when the OEPs are removed, a distinct dimer emerges. Thus, the surface of the PSII complex changes dramatically upon removal of these polypeptides. The atomic force microscope (AFM) is ideal for examining surface topography. The instrument provides a topographical view of individual PSII complexes, giving relatively high resolution three-dimensional information without image averaging techniques. In addition, the use of a fluid cell allows a biologically active sample to be maintained under fully hydrated and physiologically buffered conditions. The OEPs associated with PSII may be sequentially removed, thereby changing the surface of the complex by one polypeptide at a time.

convergent-beam diffraction from surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
J. A. Eades ◽  
A. E. Smith ◽  
D. F. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Plane Figure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Beam Patterns ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It is quite simple (in the transmission electron microscope) to obtain convergent-beam patterns from the surface of a bulk crystal. The beam is focussed onto the surface at near grazing incidence (figure 1) and if the surface is flat the appropriate pattern is obtained in the diffraction plane (figure 2). Such patterns are potentially valuable for the characterization of surfaces just as normal convergent-beam patterns are valuable for the characterization of crystals.There are, however, several important ways in which reflection diffraction from surfaces differs from the more familiar electron diffraction in transmission.GeometryIn reflection diffraction, because of the surface, it is not possible to describe the specimen as periodic in three dimensions, nor is it possible to associate diffraction with a conventional three-dimensional reciprocal lattice.

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