Chemo- and stereoregularity consecutiveness governing the specificity in ?-structure/?-helix decision for solid-state sequential hydrophobic polypeptides predominant to the directional tendency of individual amino acid residues

Biopolymers ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1477-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Yonezawa ◽  
Kyoko Kobayashi ◽  
Ryoichi Katakai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Residues

scholarly journals Regulation of AE2-mediated Cl− Transport by Intracellular or by Extracellular pH Requires Highly Conserved Amino Acid Residues of the AE2 NH2-terminal Cytoplasmic Domain

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Stewart ◽  
M.N. Chernova ◽  
B.E. Shmukler ◽  
S. Wilhelm ◽  
S.L. Alper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Cytoplasmic Domain ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Extracellular Ph ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Alanine Scan ◽  
Intracellular Alkalinization

We reported recently that regulation by intracellular pH (pHi) of the murine Cl−/HCO3− exchanger AE2 requires amino acid residues 310–347 of the polypeptide's NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain. We have now identified individual amino acid residues within this region whose integrity is required for regulation of AE2 by pH. 36Cl− efflux from AE2-expressing Xenopus oocytes was monitored during variation of extracellular pH (pHo) with unclamped or clamped pHi, or during variation of pHi at constant pHo. Wild-type AE2–mediated 36Cl− efflux was profoundly inhibited by acid pHo, with a value of pHo(50) = 6.87 ± 0.05, and was stimulated up to 10-fold by the intracellular alkalinization produced by bath removal of the preequilibrated weak acid, butyrate. Systematic hexa-alanine [(A)6]bloc substitutions between aa 312–347 identified the greatest acid shift in pHo(50) value, ∼0.8 pH units in the mutant (A)6342–347, but only a modest acid-shift in the mutant (A)6336–341. Two of the six (A)6 mutants retained normal pHi sensitivity of 36Cl− efflux, whereas the (A)6 mutants 318–323, 336–341, and 342–347 were not stimulated by intracellular alkalinization. We further evaluated the highly conserved region between aa 336–347 by alanine scan and other mutagenesis of single residues. Significant changes in AE2 sensitivity to pHo and to pHi were found independently and in concert. The E346A mutation acid-shifted the pHo(50) value to the same extent whether pHi was unclamped or held constant during variation of pHo. Alanine substitution of the corresponding glutamate residues in the cytoplasmic domains of related AE anion exchanger polypeptides confirmed the general importance of these residues in regulation of anion exchange by pH. Conserved, individual amino acid residues of the AE2 cytoplasmic domain contribute to independent regulation of anion exchange activity by pHo as well as pHi.

Volumes of Individual Amino Acid Residues in Gas-Phase Peptide Ions

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (16) ◽  
pp. 4031-4039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Counterman ◽  
David E. Clemmer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Individual Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Peptide Ions
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