Secondary structure of polypeptide hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Biopolymers ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Makarov ◽  
N. G. Esipova ◽  
V. M. Lobachov ◽  
B. A. Grishkovsky ◽  
Yu. A. Pankov
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Polypeptide Hormones

A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EXOPHTHALMOS INHIBITING EFFECTS OF SODIUM-D- AND SODIUM-L-THYROXINE IN GUINEA PIGS

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Tengroth ◽  
Uno Zackrisson
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Caloric Effect

ABSTRACT The general change in the connective tissues which occurs in animals with experimentally produced exophthalmos, consists in an increase in the amount of hyaluronic acid, which binds the water in the connective tissue. Many regard this process as a stimulation of the mucinous system in the connective tissues, and consider this an explanation of the phenomenon of exophthalmos. When the experimental animals are injected with thyroxine or thyroid extract, the reaction observed is opposite to that seen following the injection of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. In the former case, there is a reduction in the amount of hyaluronic acid and consequently a decrease in the water content in the connective tissues. In the experiments in question, Na-d-thyroxine and Na-l-thyroxine), in crystalline form, were tested for their inhibiting effect on the development of exophthalmos in experimental animals. The animals used were male albino guinea-pigs. An extract of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (TSH Organon)) was used to produce exophthalmos. In previous work (Tengroth 1961), it was shown, using an X-ray measuring technique, that d-thyroxine, despite its poor caloric effect, like l-thyroxine had an exophthalmos-inhibiting effect. When comparing the dose-response curves of the exophthalmos-inhibiting properties of both these optical isomers, it appears that d-thyroxine has an inhibiting effect which is significantly greater than that of l-thyroxine. The significance of this observation is discussed.

On the content of prolan in the pituitary gland

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-634
Author(s):  
P. Badul
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Lobe

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in a bull is free of prolan, while in a human it contains prolan. Only here it can be found in that part of the posterior pituitary lobe adjacent to the anterior lobe. In the bull, too, this part of the pituitary gland is completely free of prolan content. Histological examination shows that in humans, this part of the posterior lobe is crossed by bands of cells from the anterior lobe, which consist exclusively of basophilic cells.

scholarly journals Tethelin—the Alleged Growth-controlling Substance of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland

1922 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Cecil Drummond ◽  
Robert Keith Cannan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Lobe

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical demonstration of tissue-type plasminogen activator in endocrine cells of the rat pituitary gland.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kristensen ◽  
L S Nielsen ◽  
J Grøndahl-Hansen ◽  
P B Andresen ◽  
L I Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Intermediate Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Rat Pituitary

We immunocytochemically stained rat pituitary glands using antibodies against plasminogen activators of the tissue type (t-PA) and the urokinase type (u-PA). A large population of endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the gland displayed intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with anti-t-PA. In some areas of the intermediate lobe we found a weak staining, and we observed weakly staining granular structures in the posterior lobe. Controls included absorption of the antibodies with highly purified t-PA. In addition, SDS PAGE followed by immunoblotting of pituitary gland extracts revealed only one band with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of t-PA when stained with anti-t-PA IgG. No u-PA immunoreactivity was detected in the rat pituitary gland. Sequential staining experiments using antibodies against growth hormone and t-PA demonstrated that the t-PA-immunoreactive cells constitute a large subpopulation of the growth hormone-containing cells. These findings represent the first direct evidence for the presence of t-PA in cell types other than endothelial cells in the intact normal organism. In this article we discuss the implications of the results for a possible role of t-PA in the posttranslational processing of prohormones.

On the origin and nature of the pituitary gland capsule

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Ciric
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Observations under the operating microscope confirming the presence of a pituitary capsule are reported. This capsule envelops the anterior lobe of the pituitary, the neurohypophysis, and the pituitary stalk. It merges along the stalk with the intracranial pia mater. The origin and nature of this capsule are discussed in light of the known facts of development of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures. It is concluded that the pituitary gland capsule is a derivative of the primitive pia mater.

Vasopressin-binding sites in the pig pituitary gland: competition by novel vasopressin antagonists suggests the existence of an unusual receptor subtype in the anterior lobe

1994 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Arsenijevic ◽  
M Dubois-Dauphin ◽  
E Tribollet ◽  
M Manning ◽  
W H Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Lower Affinity ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Acth Release

Abstract Arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts in the pituitary gland, in synergy with corticotrophin-releasing factor, to induce ACTH release in response to stressful stimuli. Pituitary AVP receptors in the rat are coupled to phospholipase C, as are the so-called V1-type AVP receptors. The present study examined [3H]AVP binding in membranes prepared from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of the pig. [3H]AVP, alone or in competition with analogues, bound to sites in the pig anterior lobe which are pharmacologically similar to those described previously by others in the rat pituitary gland. For comparison, the same competition studies were performed on membrane preparations from the rat liver which contain the classic V1-type AVP receptor. Pituitary and liver AVP-binding sites were dissimilar; both cyclic and linear V1 antagonists had, in general, a much lower affinity for pituitary AVP-binding sites than for those in the liver. Thus, Phaa-d-Tyr(Et)-Phe-Gln-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-NH2 (Phaa=phenylacetyl) has a 2500-fold greater affinity for the latter (negative logarithm of inhibition constant (pKi)=9·64) than for the former (pKi=6·22). One linear antagonist, Pa-d-Tyr-Phe-Val-Asn-Arg-Pro-Arg-Arg-NH2 (Pa=propionyl) had about equal affinities for liver and pituitary membranes (pKi=6·39 and 6·53 respectively). Another compound, Phaa-d-Tyr-Phe-Val-Asn-Arg-Pro-Arg-Arg-NH2 had the highest affinity found to date for binding to AVP sites in the pituitary (pKi=7·43). These findings suggest some ideas for the design of more potent and/or selective AVP analogues acting in the pituitary gland. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 383–391

scholarly journals S100β-Positive Cells of Mesenchymal Origin Reside in the Anterior Lobe of the Embryonic Pituitary Gland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0163981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Horiguchi ◽  
Hideji Yako ◽  
Saishu Yoshida ◽  
Ken Fujiwara ◽  
Takehiro Tsukada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Mesenchymal Origin
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