Screening of cellulases for biofuel production: Online monitoring of the enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose using high-throughput scattered light detection

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Jäger ◽  
Helene Wulfhorst ◽  
Erik U. Zeithammel ◽  
Efthimia Elinidou ◽  
Antje C. Spiess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility of Coconut Husk using Nitrogen-assisted Subcritical Water for Sugar Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maktum Muharja ◽  
Nur Fadhilah ◽  
Tantular Nurtono ◽  
Arief Widjaja
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Coconut husk (CCH) as an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia has the potential to be utilized for sugar production, which is the intermediate product of biofuel. In this study, subcritical water (SCW) assisted by nitrogen (N2) was developed to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of CCH. SCW process was optimized by varying the operation condition: the pressure of 60-100 bar, the temperature of 150-190 °C, and the time of 20-60 min. The SCW-treated solid was subsequently hydrolyzed by utilizing a mixture of commercial cellulase and xylanase enzymes. The result shows that the optimum total sugar yield was obtained under the mild condition of SCW treatment, resulting in the sugar of 15.67 % and 10.31 % gained after SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis process, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis of SCW-treated solid exhibited the deformation of lignin and solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, while XRD and TGA revealed an increase of the amount of crystalline part in the solid residue. The use of N2 in SCW treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis in this study suggested that the method can be considered economically for biofuel production from CCH waste in commercial scale. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

High-throughput microplate technique for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1281-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir P.S. Chundawat ◽  
Venkatesh Balan ◽  
Bruce E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Alkali Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Australian Timber Mill Sawdust for Biofuel Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Martin Trevorah ◽  
Maazuza Z. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

This study investigated the potential use of alkali pretreatment of sawdust from Australian timber mills to produce bioethanol. Sawdust was treated using 3–10% w/w NaOH at temperatures of 60, 121, and −20°C. Two pathways of production were trialled to see the impact on the bioethanol potential, enzymatic hydrolysis for glucose production, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for ethanol production. The maximum yields obtained were at 121°C and −20°C using 7% NaOH, with 29.3% and 30.6% ethanol yields after 0.5 and 24 hr, respectively, these treatments yielded 233% and 137% increase from the 60°C counter parts. A notable trend of increased ethanol yields with increased NaOH concentration was observed for samples treated at 60°C; for example, samples treated using 10% NaOH produced 1.92–2.07 times more than those treated using 3% NaOH. FTIR analysis showed reduction in crystallinity correlating with increased ethanol yields with the largest reduction in crystallinity in the sample treated at −20°C for 24 hr with 7% NaOH.

scholarly journals THF co-solvent pretreatment prevents lignin redeposition from interfering with enzymes yielding prolonged cellulase activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek S. Patri ◽  
Ramya Mohan ◽  
Yunqiao Pu ◽  
Chang G. Yoo ◽  
Arthur J. Ragauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Enzyme Deactivation ◽  
Dilute Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nmr Characterization ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Background Conventional aqueous dilute sulfuric acid (DSA) pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass facilitates hemicellulose solubilization and can improve subsequent enzymatic digestibility of cellulose to fermentable glucose. However, much of the lignin after DSA pretreatment either remains intact within the cell wall or readily redeposits back onto the biomass surface. This redeposited lignin has been shown to reduce enzyme activity and contribute to rapid enzyme deactivation, thus, necessitating significantly higher enzyme loadings than deemed economical for biofuel production from biomass. Results In this study, we demonstrate how detrimental lignin redeposition on biomass surface after pretreatment can be prevented by employing Co-solvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF) pretreatment that uses THF–water co-solvents with dilute sulfuric acid to solubilize lignin and overcome limitations of DSA pretreatment. We first find that enzymatic hydrolysis of CELF-pretreated switchgrass can sustain a high enzyme activity over incubation periods as long as 5 weeks with enzyme doses as low as 2 mg protein/g glucan to achieve 90% yield to glucose. A modified Ninhydrin-based protein assay revealed that the free-enzyme concentration in the hydrolysate liquor, related to enzyme activity, remained unchanged over long hydrolysis times. DSA-pretreated switchgrass, by contrast, had a 40% drop in free enzymes in solution during incubation, providing evidence of enzyme deactivation. Furthermore, measurements of enzyme adsorption per gram of lignin suggested that CELF prevented lignin redeposition onto the biomass surface, and the little lignin left in the solids was mostly integral to the original lignin–carbohydrate complex (LCC). Scanning electron micrographs and NMR characterization of lignin supported this observation. Conclusions Enzymatic hydrolysis of solids from CELF pretreatment of switchgrass at low enzyme loadings was sustained for considerably longer times and reached higher conversions than for DSA solids. Analysis of solids following pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis showed that prolonged cellulase activity could be attributed to the limited lignin redeposition on the biomass surface making more enzymes available for hydrolysis of more accessible glucan.

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