Evaluation of a shaping procedure with the changing-criterion design

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Osborne ◽  
Bill Himadi
Keyword(s):  
Shaping Procedure ◽  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Changing Criterion Design

scholarly journals Training Petting Zoo Sheep to Act Like Petting Zoo Sheep: An Empirical Evaluation of Response-Independent Schedules and Shaping with Negative Reinforcement

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo J. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Successive Approximations ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Shaping Procedure ◽  
Informal Observation ◽  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Changing Criterion Design

Shaping through differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target response has been a cornerstone procedure for the training of novel behavior. However, much of how it has traditionally been implemented occurs through informal observation, rather than any direct, systematic measurement. In the present study, we examine the use of response-independent food schedules and shaping for increasing approach and contact behaviors in petting zoo sheep. In Experiment 1, a fixed-time (FT) 15 s food schedule was used to effectively increase approach and contact behaviors in one sheep. In Experiment 2, negative reinforcement in the form of removal of the presence of a trainer was made contingent on the successful completion of approximations within a shaping procedure and later switched to food rewards. A changing-criterion design was used to empirically examine the effects of the shaping procedure during each step of the program. The result is one of the first studies to demonstrate the utility of using negative reinforcement within a shaping procedure to successfully intervene on approach/avoidance behaviors in an applied animal setting.

The Changing-Criterion Design: Assessment of Running Behavior of a Handicapped Youth

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293
Author(s):  
Robert L. Morgan ◽  
Ronald Hiebert
Keyword(s):  
Running Speed ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Changing Criterion Design

In a changing-criterion design increased running speed by a handicapped youth was demonstrated by establishing a temporal criterion for running, which changed repeatedly as running matched the criterion. Reinforcement and avoidance procedures were made contingent on running and were effective in increasing running speed. Follow-up data at 3 and 12 mo. indicated maintenance of the increased running speed.

scholarly journals Best Practices in Utilizing the Changing Criterion Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesa A. Klein ◽  
Daniel Houlihan ◽  
James L. Vincent ◽  
Carlos J. Panahon
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Changing Criterion Design

Application of the Changing-Criterion Design in Special Education

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Schloss ◽  
Robert A. Sedlak ◽  
Connie Elliott ◽  
Marlene Smothers
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Changing Criterion Design

Recent Innovations in the Changing Criterion Design

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis McDougall ◽  
Jacqueline Hawkins ◽  
Michael Brady ◽  
Amelia Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Changing Criterion Design

Instructional Control of Sleep Reduction

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith O. Noles ◽  
Leonard H. Epstein ◽  
H. Tate Jones
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Instructional Control ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Changing Criterion Design

Nightly sleep of 8 college students was gradually reduced from baseline levels by instructions implemented in a multiple baseline, changing criterion design. The reduction phases were 5%, 15%, and 30% decreases. Performance, academic, and sleepiness measures were collected. Consistent reductions occurred for all subjects from mean daily sleep times of 7.71 to 6.20 hr. per night, a 20% decrease. No negative side-effects were observed and subjects reported they enjoyed the additional free time afforded by reducing their sleep.

Cycling for Students With ASD: Self-Regulation Promotes Sustained Physical Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri Todd ◽  
Greg Reid ◽  
Lynn Butler-Kisber
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Instructional Strategy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Severe Autism ◽  
Changing Criterion Design

Individuals with autism often lack motivation to engage in sustained physical activity. Three adolescents with severe autism participated in a 16-week program and each regularly completed 30 min of cycling at the end of program. This study investigated the effect of a self-regulation instructional strategy on sustained cycling, which included self-monitoring, goal setting, and self-reinforcement. Of particular interest was the development of self-efficacy during the physical activity as a mediator of goal setting. A multiple baseline changing criterion design established the effectiveness of the intervention. The results suggest that self-regulation interventions can promote sustained participation in physical activity for adolescents with severe autism.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK REPEATED ORAL READING DAN IMPLEMENTASI TEKNIK-TEKNIK MODIFIKASI PERILAKU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KELANCARAN MEMBACA PADA ANAK DENGAN MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Farraas Afiefah Muhdiar ◽  
Eko Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Repeated Reading ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Mild Intellectual Disability ◽  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Changing Criterion Design ◽  
Repeated Oral Reading

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji efektivitas teknik repeated reading dan implementasi teknik prompt, reinforcement, serta positive practice dalam meningkatkan kelancaran membaca pada anak dengan mild intellectual disability. Penelitian single case study ini dilakukan dalam 20 sesi dengan changing criterion design. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak laki-laki berusia 12 tahun dengan mild intellectual disability yang belum dapat membaca dengan lancar, meskipun sudah mampu mengeja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik repeated reading dan implementasi teknik-teknik modifikasi perilaku dapat meningkatkan kelancaran membaca pada anak dengan mild intellectual disability dengan efektif.

Evaluation of a Simile Recognition Treatment Program for Hearing-Impaired Students

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Smith ◽  
Patrick J. Schloss ◽  
Neita Kay Israelite
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Changing Criterion ◽  
Changing Criterion Design ◽  
Hearing Impaired Students

The investigation incorporated a changing criterion design to demonstrate the effectiveness of a treatment program designed to increase recognition of similes by two hearing-impaired students. Results indicated that the treatment program increased the students' ability to correctly match similes and descriptive passages. Implications for practitioners and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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