Autocorrelation and estimates of treatment effect size for single‐case experimental design data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Barnard‐Brak ◽  
Laci Watkins ◽  
David M. Richman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Treatment Effect Size

scholarly journals Phase I trial of caudate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant tinnitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Cheung ◽  
Caroline A. Racine ◽  
Jennifer Henderson-Sabes ◽  
Carly Demopoulos ◽  
Annette M. Molinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Phase I Trial ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Treatment Effect Size ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Deep Brain

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this open-label, nonrandomized trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bilateral caudate nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment-resistant tinnitus.METHODSSix participants underwent DBS electrode implantation. One participant was removed from the study for suicidality unrelated to brain stimulation. Participants underwent a stimulation optimization period that ranged from 5 to 13 months, during which the most promising stimulation parameters for tinnitus reduction for each individual were determined. These individual optimal stimulation parameters were then used during 24 weeks of continuous caudate stimulation to reach the endpoint. The primary outcome for efficacy was the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), and executive function (EF) safety was a composite z-score from multiple neuropsychological tests (EF score). The secondary outcome for efficacy was the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI); for neuropsychiatric safety it was the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), and for hearing safety it was pure tone audiometry at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz and word recognition score (WRS). Other monitored outcomes included surgery- and device-related adverse events (AEs). Five participants provided full analyzable data sets. Primary and secondary outcomes were based on differences in measurements between baseline and endpoint.RESULTSThe treatment effect size of caudate DBS for tinnitus was assessed by TFI [mean (SE), 23.3 (12.4)] and THI [30.8 (10.4)] scores, both of which were statistically significant (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 1-tailed; alpha = 0.05). Based on clinically significant treatment response categorical analysis, there were 3 responders determined by TFI (≥ 13-point decrease) and 4 by THI (≥ 20-point decrease) scores. Safety outcomes according to EF score, FrSBe, audiometric thresholds, and WRS showed no significant change with continuous caudate stimulation. Surgery-related and device-related AEs were expected, transient, and reversible. There was only one serious AE, a suicide attempt unrelated to caudate neuromodulation in a participant in whom stimulation was in the off mode for 2 months prior to the event.CONCLUSIONSBilateral caudate nucleus neuromodulation by DBS for severe, refractory tinnitus in this phase I trial showed very encouraging results. Primary and secondary outcomes revealed a highly variable treatment effect size and 60%–80% treatment response rate for clinically significant benefit, and no safety concerns. The design of a phase II trial may benefit from targeting refinement for final DBS lead placement to decrease the duration of the stimulation optimization period and to increase treatment effect size uniformity.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01988688 (clinicaltrials.gov).

scholarly journals Efektivitas LKPD Terintegrasi Nilai Islami pada Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Sains

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Susanti Susanti ◽  
Ardian Asyhari ◽  
Rijal Firdaos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Islamic Values

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of integrated LKPD Islamic values on problem-based learning on students' scientific literacy. The research method used was an experimental pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. Data is analyzed by using normalized gain (N-Gain) and Effect Size. Furthermore, the data were tested statistically on the value of the pretest and posttest of students by carrying out the normality, homogeneity, and T-test (paired sample test) using the SPSS 18 program. The average N-gain value obtained was 0.45% and in the medium category. The results of statistical tests show a significance level of 0.00 less than α = 0.05 (sign <0.05) which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted there are differences. The results of this study indicate that with integrated LKPD Islamic values in problem-based learning are able to enhance students' scientific literacy skills in aspects of competence and knowledge in the material of environmental pollution in SMP Negeri 1 Kotaagung Tiimur.Abstrak:Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas LKPD terintegrasi nilai Islami pada pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap literasi sains peserta didik. Metodepenelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian eksperimenpre experimental design denganone group pretest-postest design. Data dianalis dengan menggunkan gain ternormalisasi (N-Gain) dan Effect Size. Selanjutnya data di uji statistik terhadap nilai pretest dan posttest peserta didik dengan melakukan uji normalitas, homogenitas, dan Uji-T (paired sample test) dengan menggunakan program spss 18. Hasil rata-rata nilai N-gain yang diperoleh sebesar 0,45 % dan berada dalam kategori sedang. Hasil uji statistik menunjukan taraf signifikansi sebesar 0,00 lebih kecil dari  = 0,05 (sign < 0,05) yang berarti H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima terdapat perbedaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dengan LKPD terintegrasi nilai Islami dalam pembelajaran berbasis masalah mampu meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains peserta didik pada aspek kompetensi dan pengetahuan pada materi pencemaran lingkungan di SMP Negeri 1 Kotaagung Tiimur.

Structured Visual Analysis of Single Case Experimental Design Data: Developments and Technological Advancements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Art Dowdy ◽  
Joshua Jessel ◽  
Valdeep Saini ◽  
Corey Peltier
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Applied Behavior Analysis ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Analysis Tools

Visual analysis is the primary method used to interpret single-case experimental design (SCED) data in applied behavior analysis. Research shows that agreement between visual analysts can be suboptimal at times. To address the inconsistent interpretations of SCED data, recent structured visual analysis technological advancements have been developed. To assess the extent to which structured visual analysis is used to guide or supplement applied behavior analyst’s interpretation of SCED graphs, a systematic review between the years of 2015 to 2020 in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis was conducted. Findings showed that despite recent efforts to develop structured visual analysis tools and criteria, these methods are rarely used to analyze SCED data. Here, an overview of structured visual analysis tools is shared, their utility is delineated, common characteristics are brought to light, and future directions for both their research and clinical use are highlighted.

scholarly journals Predictors of Treatment Response for Preschool Children With Developmental Language Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2082-2096
Author(s):  
Leah L. Kapa ◽  
Christina Meyers-Denman ◽  
Elena Plante ◽  
Kevin Doubleday
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ◽  
Treatment Effect Size

Purpose Enhanced Conversational Recast treatment is an effective intervention for remediating expressive grammatical deficits in preschool-age children with developmental language disorder, but not all children respond equally well. In this study, we sought to identify which child-level variables predict response to treatment of morphological deficits. Method Predictor variables of interest, including pre-intervention test scores and target morpheme production, age, and mother's level of education (proxy for socio-economic status) were included in analyses. The sample included 105 children ( M = 5;1 [years;months]) with developmental language disorder who participated in 5 weeks of daily Enhanced Conversational Recast treatment. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify covariates that predicted children's generalization of their trained grammatical morpheme, as measured by treatment effect size d . Results Our analysis indicates that the Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test–Preschool 2 (SPELT-P 2) scores and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition scores significantly predicted the degree of benefit a child derived from Enhanced Conversational Recast treatment. Specifically, a SPELT-P 2 score above 75 (but still in the impaired range, < 87) combined with a high Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition score (> 100) yielded the largest treatment effect size, whereas a SPELT-P 2 score below 75 predicted the smallest treatment effect size. Other variables included in the model did not significantly predict treatment outcomes. Conclusions Understanding individual differences in response to treatment will allow service providers to make evidence-based decisions regarding how likely a child is to benefit from Enhanced Conversational Recast treatment and the expected magnitude of the response based on the child's background characteristics.

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