Natural insect host-parasite systems show immune priming and specificity: puzzles to be solved

BioEssays ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1026-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schmid-Hempel
Keyword(s):  
Insect Host ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Disentangling non-specific and specific transgenerational immune priming components in host–parasite interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1920) ◽  
pp. 20192386
Author(s):  
Frida Ben-Ami ◽  
Christian Orlic ◽  
Roland R. Regoes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Epidemiology ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Pasteuria Ramosa ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

Exposure to a pathogen primes many organisms to respond faster or more efficiently to subsequent exposures. Such priming can be non-specific or specific, and has been found to extend across generations. Disentangling and quantifying specific and non-specific effects is essential for understanding the genetic epidemiology of a system. By combining a large infection experiment and mathematical modelling, we disentangle different transgenerational effects in the crustacean model Daphnia magna exposed to different strains of the bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa . In the experiment, we exposed hosts to a high dose of one of three parasite strains, and subsequently challenged their offspring with multiple doses of the same (homologous) or a different (heterologous) strain. We find that exposure of Daphnia to Pasteuria decreases the susceptibility of their offspring by approximately 50%. This transgenerational protection is not larger for homologous than for heterologous parasite challenges. Methodologically, our work represents an important contribution not only to the analysis of immune priming in ecological systems but also to the experimental assessment of vaccines. We present, for the first time, an inference framework to investigate specific and non-specific effects of immune priming on the susceptibility distribution of hosts—effects that are central to understanding immunity and the effect of vaccines.

Insect host-parasite coevolution in the light of experimental evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels A. G. Kerstes ◽  
Oliver Y. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Disentangling unspecific and specific transgenerational immune priming components in host-parasite interactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Ben-Ami ◽  
Christian Orlic ◽  
Roland R. Regoes
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Pasteuria Ramosa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

AbstractExposure to a pathogen primes many organisms to respond faster or more efficiently to subsequent exposures. Such priming can be unspecific or specific, and has been found to extend across generations. Disentangling and quantifying specific and unspecific effects is essential for understanding the genetic epidemiology of a system. By combining a large infection experiment and mathematical modeling, we disentangle different transgenerational effects in the crustacean model Daphnia magna exposed to different strains of the bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa. In the experiments, we exposed hosts to a high-dose of one of three parasite strains, and subsequently challenged their offspring with multiple doses of the same or a different strain, i. e. homologously or heterogously. We find that exposure to Pasteuria decreases the susceptibility of a host’s offspring by approximately 50%. This transgenerational protection is not larger for homologous than for heterologous parasite challenges. Our work represents an important contribution not only to the analysis of immune priming in ecological systems, but also to the experimental assessment of vaccines. We present for the first time an inference framework to investigate specific and unspecific effects of immune priming on the susceptibility distribution of hosts — effects that are central to understanding immunity and the effect of vaccines.Author summaryImmune memory is a feature of immune systems that forms the basis of vaccination. In opposition to textbook accounts, the ability to specifically remember previous exposures has been found to extend to invertebrates and shown to be able to be passed on from mother to off-spring, i. e. to be transgenerational. In this paper, we investigate the extent of this specificity in unprecedented detail in water fleas. We exposed water flea mothers to different strains of a bacterial pathogen and challenged their offspring with a wide range of doses of a strain that were either identical to (homologous) or different from (heterologous) the strain, to which the mother had been exposed. We find that, while exposure of the mother reduces the susceptibility of the offspring, this effect is not specific. This work outlines the limits of specific transgenerational immune memory in this invertebrate system.

Stability in Insect Host-Parasite Models

10.2307/3133 ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Hassell ◽  
R. M. May
Keyword(s):  
Insect Host ◽  
Host Parasite
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