Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exert Pleiotropic Effects on Amyloid‐β, Inflammation, and Regeneration: A Spark of Hope for Alzheimer's Disease from Tiny Structures?

BioEssays ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1800199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara A. Elia ◽  
Morris Losurdo ◽  
Maria L. Malosio ◽  
Silvia Coco
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects

scholarly journals Intracerebral Injection of Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exerts Reduced Aβ Plaque Burden in Early Stages of a Preclinical Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara A. Elia ◽  
Matteo Tamborini ◽  
Marco Rasile ◽  
Genni Desiato ◽  
Sara Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Intracerebral Injection ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Β Amyloid

Bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs), due to their strong protective and anti-inflammatory abilities, have been widely investigated in the context of several diseases for their possible therapeutic role, based on the release of a highly proactive secretome composed of soluble factors and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). BM-MSC-EVs, in particular, convey many of the beneficial features of parental cells, including direct and indirect β-amyloid degrading-activities, immunoregulatory and neurotrophic abilities. Therefore, EVs represent an extremely attractive tool for therapeutic purposes in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We examined the therapeutic potential of BM-MSC-EVs injected intracerebrally into the neocortex of APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice at 3 and 5 months of age, a time window in which the cognitive behavioral phenotype is not yet detectable or has just started to appear. We demonstrate that BM-MSC-EVs are effective at reducing the Aβ plaque burden and the amount of dystrophic neurites in both the cortex and hippocampus. The presence of Neprilysin on BM-MSC-EVs, opens the possibility of a direct β-amyloid degrading action. Our results indicate a potential role for BM-MSC-EVs already in the early stages of AD, suggesting the possibility of intervening before overt clinical manifestations.

P1-162: Neuroprotective Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P464-P465
Author(s):  
Luiza Carvalho ◽  
Mariana Araya de Godoy ◽  
Leonardo Martins Saraiva ◽  
Victor Bodart ◽  
Rafael Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles derived from human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells protect hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress and synapse damage induced by amyloid-β oligomers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Bodart-Santos ◽  
Luiza R. P. de Carvalho ◽  
Mariana A. de Godoy ◽  
André F. Batista ◽  
Leonardo M. Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored as promising tools for treatment of several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. MSCs release abundant extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a variety of biomolecules, including mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. We hypothesized that EVs derived from human Wharton’s jelly would act as mediators of the communication between hMSCs and neurons and could protect hippocampal neurons from damage induced by Alzheimer’s disease-linked amyloid beta oligomers (AβOs). Methods We isolated and characterized EVs released by human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC-EVs). The neuroprotective action of hMSC-EVs was investigated in primary hippocampal cultures exposed to AβOs. Results hMSC-EVs were internalized by hippocampal cells in culture, and this was enhanced in the presence of AβOs in the medium. hMSC-EVs protected hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress and synapse damage induced by AβOs. Neuroprotection by hMSC-EVs was mediated by catalase and was abolished in the presence of the catalase inhibitor, aminotriazole. Conclusions hMSC-EVs protected hippocampal neurons from damage induced by AβOs, and this was related to the transfer of enzymatically active catalase contained in EVs. Results suggest that hMSC-EVs should be further explored as a cell-free therapeutic approach to prevent neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease.

Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Admscs) and/or Taurine in Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hosney ◽  
Alaa Sakraan ◽  
Aman Asaad ◽  
Mervat El-Deftar ◽  
Emad Elzayat
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia characterized by its progression, neurobehavioral and neuro-pathological characteristics, leading to a diverse neuronal loss. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have previously proved potential role in preventing the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, so regarded as a promising new approach for AD regenerative therapy. Taurine was found to enhance stem cell activation and propagation yielding a higher concentration of neural progenitors and stem cells, and aid to lessen the number of activated microglia leading to down-regulated inflammation in vitro. The present study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic potential of ADMSCs and/or taurine in treating AD rat model. It was planned to include three successive phases; induction, withdrawal, and therapeutic phases. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 main groups: control (C) group and AD model group. Behavioral changes, as manifested by the T-Maze experiment, had been recorded. β-amyloid levels had been measured in brain homogenate and serum by ELISA. Oxidative stress marker (MDA), and anti-oxidant enzymes activity (SOD, GSH, and CAT) in brain, as well as serum acetylcholine esterase activity were spectrophotometrically determined. Pro-apoptotic (p53 and Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) gene expression in brain were evaluated using RT-qPCR. The histopathological alterations in brain tissues were also observed. The present study proved the potential therapeutic ability of ADMSCs and/or taurine in alleviating the adverse pathological changes induced by AlCl3 in AD rat model at both physiological and molecular levels.

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