scholarly journals Three‐Partner Symbiosis among Legumes, Mycorrhizae, and N‐Fixing Bacteria Changes with Light and Soil Nitrogen Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikayla Ficano ◽  
Stephen Porder ◽  
Lindsay A. McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

scholarly journals Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea grow under contrasting soil nitrogen conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong J. Di ◽  
Keith C. Cameron ◽  
Ju-Pei Shen ◽  
Chris S. Winefield ◽  
Maureen O'Callaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Gene Action of Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines under Low and High Nitrogen Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafouasson Apala Hortense Noëlle ◽  
Kenga Richard ◽  
Gracen Vernon ◽  
Yeboah Agyei Martin ◽  
Mahamane Nasser Laouali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Gene Effect ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

This study was conducted to determine combining ability and gene action in elite maize inbred lines under low and high soil nitrogen conditions for hybrid breeding. Forty two tropical inbred lines (three testers and 39 lines) were crossed using line × tester mating design. The resulting 117 F1 hybrids, along with 4 hybrids used as checks, were evaluated using an 11 × 11 lattice design with two replications for grain yield and yield related traits during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at two sites (Mbalmayo and Nkolbisson). Results revealed predominant additive gene effect under high soil nitrogen (N) conditions. Non-additive gene effect influenced grain yield under low soil and thus could be exploited for hybrid development. Under high N conditions inbred lines CLYN246, J16-1, CLWN201, TL-11-A-1642-5, CLQRCWQ26 and 1368 were good general combiners. Lines CML 343, ATP S6 20-Y-1, CLWN201, 1368, ATP S9 30 Y-1 and CLQRCWQ26 were good general combiners for grain yield under low N. They could be used to develop low N tolerant varieties. Different single cross hybrid combinations were identified for high grain yields under both low and high N conditions. The selected lines and single cross hybrids are a useful source of valuable genetic material for future maize hybrid breeding or direct production under low N.

Quantitative trait loci for yield and correlated traits under high and low soil nitrogen conditions in tropical maize

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marcel Ribaut ◽  
Yvan Fracheboud ◽  
Philippe Monneveux ◽  
Marianne Banziger ◽  
Mateo Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

scholarly journals Development of Extra-Early Provitamin A Quality Protein Maize Inbreds with Resistance/Tolerance to Striga hermonthica and Soil Nitrogen Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Solomon A. Oyekale ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Victor O. Adetimirin ◽  
Nnanna Unachukwu ◽  
Melaku Gedil
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

A hemiparasitic plant, Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth and soil nitrogen stress are the key constraints to maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in sub-Saharan Africa, where commonly cultivated maize is the normal endosperm type that is deficient in provitamin A, tryptophan and lysine (PVATL). Seventy-six extra-early maize inbreds with provitamin A, tryptophan, and lysine qualities (TZEEIORQ) were developed to address these constraints, and four checks were assessed under Striga, low and high nitrogen conditions at three locations in Nigeria. The inbreds were further genotyped with two beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (crtRB1) markers, and their seeds were quantified for provitamin A content. Significant (P < 0.01) genetic variations were observed for grain yield and other agronomic attributes of the inbreds under varying environmental conditions. Levels of PVATL for the inbreds ranged from 2.21–10.95 µg g−1, 0.04–0.08%, and 0.19–0.39%, respectively. Beta-carotene marker, crtRB1-3′TE, was polymorphic and grouped the inbreds into two. The marker was effective in identifying inbreds with moderate provitamin A content. Inbreds TZEEIORQ 5, TZEEIORQ 52, and TZEEIORQ 55 exhibited resistance to Striga, tolerance to nitrogen stress with moderate levels of PVATL and could be invaluable sources of favorable alleles for breeding nutritionally improved maize varieties with resistance/tolerance to Striga and soil nitrogen stress.

Fine-root dynamics in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) under manipulated soil nitrogen conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 364 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyotaro Noguchi ◽  
Junko Nagakura ◽  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Tadashi Sakata ◽  
Shinji Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Fine Root Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Kyiv park "Nivki" and "Teremki" forests and ecological analysis of their habitats

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
I. V. Goncharenko ◽  
H. M. Holyk
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure

Cenotic diversity and leading ecological factors of its floristic differentiation were studied on an example of two areas – Kyiv parks "Nivki" and "Teremki". It is shown that in megalopolis the Galeobdoloni-Carpinetum impatientosum parviflorae subassociation is formed under anthropogenic pressure on the typical ecotope of near-Dnieper hornbeam oak forests on fresh gray-forest soils. The degree of anthropogenic transformation of cenofloras can be estimated by the number of species of Robinietea and Galio-Urticetea classes, as well as neophytes and cultivars. Phytoindication for hemeroby index may be also used in calculation. We propose the modified index of biotic dispersion (normalized by alpha-diversity) for the estimation of ecophytocenotic range (beta-diversity) of releves series. We found that alpha-diversity initially increases (due to the invasion of antropophytes) at low level of antropogenic pressure, then it decreases (due to the loss of aboriginal species) secondarily with increasing of human impact. Also we found that beta-diversity (differential diversity) decreases, increasing homogeneity of plant cover, under the influence of anthropogenic factor. Vegetation classification was completed by a new original method of cluster analysis, designated as DRSA («distance-ranked sorting assembling»). The classification quality is suggested to be validated on the "seriation" diagram, which is а distance matrix between objects with gradient filling. Dark diagonal blocks confirm clusters’ density (intracluster compactness), uncolored off-diagonal blocks are evidence in favor of clusters’ isolation (intercluster distinctness). In addition, distinction of clusters (syntaxa) in ordination area suggests their independence. For phytoindication we propose to include only species with more than 10% constancy. Furthermore, for the description of syntaxonomic amplitude we suggest to use 25%-75% interquartile scope instead of mean and standard deviation. It is shown that comparative analysis of syntaxa for each ecofactor is convenient to carry out by using violin (bulb) plots. A new approach to the phytoindication of syntaxa, designated as R-phytoindication, was proposed for our study. In this case, the ecofactor values, calculated for individual releves, are not taken into account, however, the composition of cenoflora with species constancies is used that helps us to minimize for phytoindication the influence of non-typical species. We suggested a syntaxon’s amplitude to be described by more robust statistics: for the optimum of amplitude (central tendency) – by a median (instead of arithmetic mean), and for the range of tolerance – by an interquartile scope (instead of standard deviation). We assesses amplitudes of syntaxa by phytoindication method for moisture (Hd), acidity (Rc), soil nitrogen content (Nt), wetting variability (vHd), light regime (Lc), salt regime (Sl). We revealed no significant differences on these ecofactors among ecotopes of our syntaxa, that proved the variant syntaxonomic rank for all syntaxa. We found that the core of species composition of our phytocenoses consists of plants with moderate requirements for moisture, soil nitrogen, light and salt regime. We prove that the leading factor of syntaxonomic differentiation is hidden anthropogenic, which is not subject to direct measurement. But we detect that hidden factor of "human pressure" was correlated with phytoindication parameters (variables) that can be measured "directly" by species composition of plant communities. The most correlated factors were ecofactors of soil nitrogen, wetting variability, light regime and hemeroby. The last one is the most indicative empirically for the assessment of "human impact". We establish that there is a concept of «hemeroby of phytocenosis» (tolerance to human impact), which can be calculated approximately as the mean or the median of hemeroby scores of individual species which are present in it.

NITROGEN CYCLES IN CROP ROTATIONS DIFFERING IN FERTILIZATION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius GUŽYS ◽  
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crop

The use of nitrogen fertilizer is becoming a global problem; however continuous fertilization with nitrogen ensures large and constant harvests. An 8 year research (2006–2013) was conducted to evaluate the relationships between differently fertilized cultivated plant rotations. The research was conducted in Lipliunai (Lithuania) in the agroecosystem with nitrogen metabolism in fields with deeper carbonaceous soil, i.e. Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can). The research area covered three drained plots where crop rotation of differently fertilized cereals and perennial grasses was applied. Samples of soil, water and plants were investigated in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University certified by the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Lithuania. The greatest productivity was found in a crop rotation with higher fertilization (N32-140). In crop rotation with lower fertilization (N24-90) productivity of cereals and perennial grasses (N0-80) was 11–35 % lower. The highest amount of mineral soil nitrogen was found in cereal crop rotation with higher fertilization. It was influenced by fertilization and crop productivity. The lowest Nmin and Ntotal concentrations in drainage water were found in grasses crop rotation. Crop rotations of differently fertilized cereals increased nitrogen concentration in drainage water. Nmin concentration in water depended on crop productivity, quantity of mineral soil nitrogen, fertilization, and nitrogen balance. The lowest nitrogen leaching was found in the crop rotation of grasses. Cereal crop rotation increased nitrogen leaching by 12–42 %. The usage of all crop rotations resulted in a negative nitrogen balance, which essentially depended on fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer.

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