Health and safety implications of exposure to electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 300 Hz to 10 MHz

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Litvak ◽  
K.R. Foster ◽  
M.H. Repacholi
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Health And Safety Implications

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Clients’ Commitment to Sustainable Construction Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Peter Uchenna Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Health And Safety Implications

The success of every construction projects largely depends on the level of commitment of the clients. This study examined the factors influencing the level of clients’ commitment to sustainable construction practices in Nigeria. A questionnaire survey was use to collect data from the public and private construction clients on the level of influence of 16 factors extracted from the literature. A total of 182 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. The result revealed that nine factors with weighted average (W) 0.8≤W≤1 have a high level of influence, whereas seven factors with 0.6≤W≤0.8 have a high-medium level of influence on the clients’ commitment. However, the five most influential factors were: client knowledge and awareness, Cost implication and mechanism of financial involvement, economic value and return on investment, end-user/client perception and preference, and health and safety implications. The result further revealed that there is significant difference on how these factors influence the level of commitment of sustainable construction practices of the public and private clients. The study suggested that the disparity was due to the differences in the level of knowledge, awareness, involvement and commitment of the public and private clients to sustainable construction concept. Hence, it is important to optimize the level of knowledge and awareness of the clients, about the cost, benefits/profits, and health and safety implications of sustainable construction practices so as to promote the level of client’s commitment to sustainable construction practices. It recommended for adequate client involvement throughout the sustainable construction life cycle and a sustained awareness campaign, championed by relevant government agencies and professional organizations through different public programs so as to increase the clients’ commitment and desirability to demand for more sustainable construction projects.

Telecommuting and the Legal Aspects

2001 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Health And Safety Implications ◽  
British Perspective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Country

This chapter discusses teleworking/telecommuting from a legal perspective, as applied to the management of teleworkers. The main issues covered are the definition of teleworking, employment relationships and employment contracts for telecommuting, health and safety implications of teleworking, and other legal-related considerations to be taken. Lastly, implications are discussed for both the management of organizations and the legal establishment. This chapter examines teleworking from a legal point of view. Although it was written from a European (in particular, British) perspective, we have tried to use material with relevance extending beyond the boundaries of one specific country, and the arguments are intended and expected to apply to a much wider audience and circumstances.

Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields near 20 kV, 3-phase shunt reactors at substations

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
H. Pirkkalainen ◽  
T. Heiskanen ◽  
M. Penttilä ◽  
J. Elovaara ◽  
L. Korpinen
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Action Value ◽  
Shunt Reactors

Directive 2013/35/EU of the European Parliament and Council, among other things, sets values for the occupational exposure of workers regarding the health and safety risks arising from electromagnetic fields. In order to ensure worker safety, the Finnish national grid operator, Fingrid Oyj, conducted several measurements of electromagnetic fields at its substations. One of the goals of the measurements was to ensure that a magnetic flux density of 1000 µT (rms), set as the lower action value by the EU directive, was not reached in any location accessible to substation workers. The highest magnetic flux densities at substations can be found near shunt reactors and their cables, which is why the measurements were focused on those areas. The lower action value of 1000 µT (rms) was surpassed at two locations. This discovery led to immediate actions to prevent workers from accessing these locations.

Electromagnetic fields at work places experts of the cellular companies

10.12737/5019 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Горохов ◽  
E. Gorokhov ◽  
Ляпкало ◽  
A. Lyapkalo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Magnetic Components ◽  
Electronic Computers ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of instrumental studies by means of hygienic assessment of levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the workplaces in cellular companies. Measurements of EFM were made on workplaces of 2 groups of employees during the studies: office administrative specialists and technical employees. Instrumental measurements of EMF levels were made by Personal Electronic Computers (PCs) and receivingtransmitting equipment of base cellular stations (BCS). Measurements of EMF from the PC´s screens based on electric and magnetic components were performed: a tension of electric fields with a frequency range of 5Hz-2 kHz and 2 kHz-4 kHz; a tension of magnetic fields in the frequency range of 5Hz-2 kHz and 2 kHz-4 kHz. Measurements of flux density of electromagnetic energy were performed at operating platforms of base stations and at control operating equipment rooms of cellular stations. There were about 150 workplaces of office administrative specialists with PCs surveyed and more 500 workplaces of technical specialists. The activities of administrations of cellular companies were estimated to ensure the safety of working conditions of employees under the influence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Literature data on the impact of EMR on human health and health of employees were presented.

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