Confirmation studies of Soviet research on immunological effects of microwaves: Russian immunology results

Introduction & Objectives: Cutaneous and systemic reactions to various metal implants and medical devices have been well documented. The aim of this review was to focus on the probable common mechanisms of allergy and autoimmunity that may lead to similar clinical outcomes following the growing evidence in the literature of metal and nickel-related systemic, autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Methods: Detailed search of the available electronic databases (PubMed-Medline) was conducted for review of the literature on that topic till the present moment. Results: Multiple reports on the immunological effects of metals including immunomodulation, allergy, or autoimmunity were identified. It was found that metals may act through immunosuppression, immunotoxicity, or as immune adjuvants thus provoking allergy and autoimmunity in susceptible individuals. Both external or internal exposure to metals was observed. Nickel has been identified as the most common sensitizer, and also the most studied one. The coexistence of both allergic and autoimmune symptoms, induced by nickel, has been published, suggesting the autoimmune potential of nickel compounds. Conclusions: Clinical experience and scientific literature together demonstrate that metals may play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. While metal implant allergies and complications are on the rise, they remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Elucidation of their possible mechanisms will contribute to the more successful and safer treatment of affected individuals.

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HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ACETAMIPRID TOXICITY IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/tijovsab.v12i1.11235 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

D.T. Fefar ◽

Ankita N. Brahmbhatt ◽

B.P. Joshi ◽

D.J. Ghodasara

Keyword(s):

Dose Level ◽

Significant Rise ◽

High Dose ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Mean Values ◽

Group Iii ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Immunological Effects ◽

Albino Mice

A study was conducted on 5 weeks old 64 (32 male and 32 female) Swiss albino mice to assess the haemato-biochemical and immunological effects of acetamiprid. All the male and female mice were randomly divided into eight different groups. The groups I (male) and II (female) served as controls whereas remaining groups served as treatment groups and were administered acetamiprid at the daily dose rate of 20, 10, 5 mg/kg body weight in males(Group III, V, VII) and females (Group IV, VI,VIII),respectively for 28 days. After 28 days treatment, blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical as well as immunological analysis. There was significant decrease in haematological parameters like Hb, TEC, TLC, neutrophils and lymphocytes count in high dose groups and revealed potential adversity of acetamiprid at rates of 20 mg/kg/day on haematopoetic system of mice. A dose dependent significant rise in mean values of AST and ALT was observed in treatment groups, whereas there was significant decrease in total protein and albumin and increase in BUN in high and mid dose treated groups, irrespective of sex of mice. Dinitroflurobenzene (DNFB) test conducted to assess the cell mediated immunity revealed the toxic effect of acetamiprid on cell mediated immunity of mice at dose level of 10 mg/kg/day. The mice of high dose group revealed a significant decrease in HA titer and indicated the immunotoxic potential of acetamiprid at dose level of 20 mg/kg/day.

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Immuno-compatibility of desaminotyrosine and desaminotyrosyl tyrosine functionalized star-shaped oligo(ethylene glycol)s with different molecular weights

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2015.327 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1718 ◽

pp. 97-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Toralf Roch ◽

Konstanze K. Julich-Gruner ◽

Axel T. Neffe ◽

Nan Ma ◽

Andreas Lendlein

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Immunological Effects ◽

Microbial Products ◽

Low Levels ◽

Chain Lengths ◽

Immunological Evaluation

ABSTRACTPolymer-based therapeutic strategies require biomaterials with properties and functions tailored to the demands of specific applications leading to an increasing number of newly designed polymers. For the evaluation of those new materials, comprehensive biocompatibility studies including cyto-, tissue-, and immunocompatibility are essential. Recently, it could be demonstrated that star-shaped amino oligo(ethylene glycol)s (sOEG) with a number average molecular weight of 5 kDa and functionalized with the phenol-derived moieties desaminotyrosine (DAT) or desaminotyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) behave in aqueous solution like surfactants without inducing a substantial cytotoxicity, which may qualify them as solubilizer for hydrophobic drugs in aqueous solution. However, for biomedical applications the polymer solutions need to be free of immunogenic contaminations, which could result from inadequate laboratory environment or contaminated starting material. Furthermore, the materials should not induce uncontrolled or undesired immunological effects arising from material intrinsic properties. Therefore, a comprehensive immunological evaluation as perquisite for application of each biomaterial batch is required. This study investigated the immunological properties of sOEG-DAT(T) solutions, which were prepared using sOEG with number average molecular weights of 5 kDa, 10 kDa, and 20 kDa allowing analyzing the influence of the sOEG chain lengths on innate immune mechanisms. A macrophage-based assay was used to first demonstrate that all DAT(T)-sOEG solutions are free of endotoxins and other microbial contaminations such as fungal products. In the next step, the capacity of the different DAT(T)-functionalized sOEG solutions to induce cytokine secretion and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated using whole human blood. It was observed that low levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6 were detected for all sOEG solutions but only when used at concentrations above 250 µg·mL-1. Furthermore, only the 20 kDa sOEG-DAT induced low amounts of ROS-producing monocytes. Conclusively, the data indicate that the materials were not contaminated with microbial products and do not induce substantial immunological adverse effectsin vitro,which is a prerequisite for future biological applications.

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Charged Particle and Conventional Radiotherapy: Current Implications as Partner for Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13061468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1468

Author(s):

Damiënne Marcus ◽

Relinde I. Y. Lieverse ◽

Carmen Klein ◽

Amir Abdollahi ◽

Philippe Lambin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Charged Particle ◽

Clinical Success ◽

Immune Therapy ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

High Energy ◽

Advanced Lung Cancer ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Immunological Effects ◽

Tumor Immunogenicity

Radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to interfere with inflammatory signals and to enhance tumor immunogenicity via, e.g., immunogenic cell death, thereby potentially augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. Conventional RT consists predominantly of high energy photon beams. Hypofractionated RT regimens administered, e.g., by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), are increasingly investigated in combination with cancer immunotherapy within clinical trials. Despite intensive preclinical studies, the optimal dose per fraction and dose schemes for elaboration of RT induced immunogenic potential remain inconclusive. Compared to the scenario of combined immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and RT, multimodal therapies utilizing other immunotherapy principles such as adoptive transfer of immune cells, vaccination strategies, targeted immune-cytokines and agonists are underrepresented in both preclinical and clinical settings. Despite the clinical success of ICI and RT combination, e.g., prolonging overall survival in locally advanced lung cancer, curative outcomes are still not achieved for most cancer entities studied. Charged particle RT (PRT) has gained interest as it may enhance tumor immunogenicity compared to conventional RT due to its unique biological and physical properties. However, whether PRT in combination with immune therapy will elicit superior antitumor effects both locally and systemically needs to be further investigated. In this review, the immunological effects of RT in the tumor microenvironment are summarized to understand their implications for immunotherapy combinations. Attention will be given to the various immunotherapeutic interventions that have been co-administered with RT so far. Furthermore, the theoretical basis and first evidences supporting a favorable immunogenicity profile of PRT will be examined.

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On the origins of the concept of ‘latent schizophrenia’ in Russian psychiatry

History of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0957154x211035328 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0957154X2110353

Author(s):

Birk Engmann

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Important Concept ◽

Eugen Bleuler ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Russian Psychiatry ◽

Soviet Research

In the mid-twentieth century in the Soviet Union, latent schizophrenia became an important concept and a matter of research and also of punitive psychiatry. This article investigates precursor concepts in early Russian psychiatry of the nineteenth century, and examines whether – as claimed in recent literature – Russian and Soviet research on latent schizophrenia was mainly influenced by the work of Eugen Bleuler.

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