Gender differences in decision‐making: The effects of gender stereotype threat moderated by sensitivity to punishment and fear of negative evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Villanueva‐Moya ◽  
Francisca Expósito
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

scholarly journals How depressive symptoms and fear of negative evaluation affect feedback evaluation in social decision-making

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 100004
Author(s):  
Martin Weiß ◽  
Johannes Rodrigues ◽  
Juliane M. Boschet ◽  
Andre Pittig ◽  
Patrick Mussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Social Decision ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Feedback Evaluation

Gender Stereotyping Enhances Verbal Fluency Performance in Men (and Women)

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Hirnstein ◽  
Nadja Freund ◽  
Markus Hausmann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Competitive Situation ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Men And Women

Numerous studies have demonstrated that fear of confirming negative stereotypes (stereotype threat) can hamper women’s performance in certain mathematical and spatial tasks in which men usually excel. By contrast, very little is known about how men are affected by stereotype threat in tasks in which women excel. We therefore asked 36 men and 39 women, recruited at the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany, to complete two tests of verbal fluency (word fluency, four-word sentences). Prior to testing, participants were either told that gender differences in verbal abilities were going to be investigated or they received gender-neutral task instructions. We hypothesized that this would trigger the gender stereotype of women’s verbal superiority and, as a consequence, lead to a stereotype threat effect with decreased verbal fluency performance in men. However, men’s verbal fluency scores were higher under gender difference instructions than in the control condition. Since women showed a similar pattern and had generally higher scores, the gender difference remained stable across conditions. The findings may reflect (a) that gender stereotyping induced a competitive situation and, as a result, enhanced performance in all participants or (b) stereotype reactance in men, which would suggest that men and women react differently to gender stereotype activations in gender-sensitive cognitive abilities. Either way, the findings imply that cognitive performance changes significantly if participants are aware that cognitive gender differences are investigated, which is probably the case in many studies investigating gender differences.

scholarly journals Are you Watching Me? Interacting Effects of Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Context on Cognitive Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Maresh ◽  
Bethany A. Teachman ◽  
James A. Coan
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Socially anxious individuals exhibit cognitive performance impairments; it is unclear whether this is due to trait differences in abilities or effects of the experimental context. This study sought to determine how social context, individual differences in fear of negative evaluation (FNE), and task difficulty interact to influence working memory performance as indicated by effectiveness (accuracy) and efficiency (reaction times). Participants (N = 61) performed the n-back task at 2-back and 3-back difficulty levels under three conditions: alone (“Anonymous”), in presence of a non-evaluative experimenter (“Presence”), and under explicit performance evaluation by the experimenter (“Threat”). Overall, participants showed improved accuracy during Threat, but only on 2-back trials. FNE was positively associated with longer reaction times during Threat on 3-back trials. FNE did not relate to accuracy, suggesting that threat-related impairments tied to social anxiety may alter efficiency rather than effectiveness. Thus, social anxiety may elicit cognitive performance impairments even in minimally evaluative environments.

scholarly journals Assessing the Straightforwardly-Worded Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale for Differential Item Functioning Across Gender and Ethnicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared K. Harpole ◽  
Cheri A. Levinson ◽  
Carol M. Woods ◽  
Thomas L. Rodebaugh ◽  
Justin W. Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Item Functioning
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