Absolute Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of Some Aqueous Chloride Salt Solutions

1989 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Assael ◽  
E. Charitidou ◽  
J. Ch. Stassis ◽  
W. A. Wakeham
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Aqueous Chloride ◽  
Absolute Measurements

High Spatial Resolution Thermal Conductivity investigation of SiC Wafers

2001 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.I. Florescu ◽  
Fred H. Pollak ◽  
G.R. Brande ◽  
B.E. Landini ◽  
A.D. Salant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Power ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Scanning Thermal Microscopy ◽  
Roughness Effects ◽  
Semiconductor Electronics ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Absolute Measurements ◽  
Spatial Depth

ABSTRACTSilicon carbide (SiC) is a material with very attractive properties for high power/high temperature electronic devices. Its mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity ( κ), large bandgap, and extreme chemical inertness are a few of the characteristics making SiC interesting for semiconductor electronics. Due to the significant head load generated over large areas in high power devices, it is desirable forthe thermal properties of the substrate to be uniform and optimal. Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM), which provides nondestructive, absolute measurements of the thermal conductivity with a spatial/depth resolution in the 2-3 μm range, was used to examine the room temperature κ as a function of position of four 2” diameter SiC wafers. Wafers of 4H and 6H polytype were fabricated with carrier concentrations in the(1-3)×1018 cm−3 and (6-9)×1017 cm−3 ranges, respectively. A radial distribution of the thermal conductivity was determined for all the investigated samples. For a radius r < r1 (r1 ∼ 0.3”) and r > r2 (r2 ∼ 0.7”) highest thermal conductivity values were measured in the range of (3.8-3.9) W/cm-K, comparable to the highest κ reported for this material [D. Morelli et al., Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 137, 313 (1993); E.A. Burgemeister,.et al., J. Appl. Phys. 50, 5790 (1979)]. For r1 < r < r2 the thermal conductivity drops to about (2.85-3.25) W/cm-κinterval. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation revealsthat the influence of surface roughness effects on κ is negligible. The κ dip may arise from a higher basal plane defect density in this region that could be associated with the presence of super screw dislocations, or “micropipes” [M. Dudley et al., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 28, A63 (1995)]. The implications of these findings for device applications and design are considered.

Evaluation of thermodynamic properties and correlation of L-glutamic acid solubility in some aqueous chloride solutions from 298.15 to 323.15 K

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-620
Author(s):  
Mustafa Jaipallah Abualreish ◽  
Adel Noubigh
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Aqueous Chloride ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the solubility–temperature dependence data for L-glutamic acid (Glu) in water and in some chloride salt (NaCl and KCl) aqueous solutions. Solubility data were determined from 293.15 to 318.15 K under atmospheric pressure by using a thermostatted reactor and the gravimetric method. After the investigation of the impact of inorganic salts on the solvency of Glu, it was found that the salting-out effect decreases in the following order: sodium chloride > potassium chloride. Results demonstrated that the solubility, in unadulterated water and in aqueous chloride solutions, increased with a rising temperature. The experimental data were well correlated by the semi-empirical equation. Using the measured solubilities, the standard molar thermodynamic properties of transfer of Glu (ΔtrG°, ΔtrH°, and ΔtrS°) from pure water to aqueous solutions of the chloride salts were estimated.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF REACTOR FUEL OXIDES FROM MOLTEN CHLORIDE SALT SOLUTIONS

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Benedict ◽  
K M Harmon ◽  
G Jr Jansen ◽  
L K Mudge ◽  
F A Scott
Keyword(s):  
Reactor Fuel ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Molten Chloride

Thermal conductivity of salt-bearing ice analogs in Jovian moons to support future JUICE mission.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal González Díaz ◽  
Guillermo M. Muñoz Caro ◽  
Héctor Carrascosa de Lucas ◽  
Sofía Aparicio Secanellas ◽  
Margarita González Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Icy Moons ◽  
Liquid Salt ◽  
And Calorimetry

&lt;p&gt;Thermal properties of frozen salt solutions are crucial to interpret the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) (ESA) and Europa Clipper (NASA) missions, which will be launched in the upcoming years to make detailed observations of the giant gaseous planet Jupiter and three of its largest moons (Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa) due to the scarcity of experimental measurements.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Therefore, we have conducted a set of experiments to measure and study the thermal conductivity and calorimetry of macroscopic frozen salt solutions of particular interest in these regions, including Na-chloride (NaCl), Mg-sulphate (MgSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), sodium sulphate (Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), and Magnesium chloride (MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). A climatic chamber has been used to mimic the cryogenic conditions in the Jovian Icy Moons. Measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 0 to -70&amp;#186;C. Temperature and thermal conductivity were measured during the course of the experiments. A side effect of these measurements is that they served to spot phase changes in the ice mixtures. A small sample of the liquid salt-water solution was set aside for the calorimetry measurements.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;These experiments and the measurements of thermal conductivity and calorimetry will be valuable to constrain the chemical composition, physical state, and temperature of the upper layers of the icy crusts of Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa (please see abstracts EPSC Mu&amp;#241;oz Iglesias et al. 2020 and EPSC Solomonidou et al. 2020).&lt;/p&gt;

Extraction of several metals from chloride salt solutions with heptafluorodimethyloctanedione

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Seeley ◽  
W. J. McDowell ◽  
L. K. Felker
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document