Electrical double layer forces in thin interlayers between macroscopic bodies of different materials when being immersed in electrolyte solutions

1987 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Peschel ◽  
Jorg Keldenkh
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions

Monte Carlo simulations of the electrical double layer forces in the presence of divalent electrolyte solutions: effect of the ion size

Soft Matter ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1441-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Martín-Molina ◽  
José Guadalupe Ibarra-Armenta ◽  
Enrique González-Tovar ◽  
Roque Hidalgo-Álvarez ◽  
Manuel Quesada-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Ion Size

Interaction Forces Between Colloidal Silica in Aqueous Inorganic and Natural Organic Electrolyte Solutions

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Considine ◽  
Calum J. Drummond ◽  
David R. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Organic Electrolyte ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Mixed Electrolyte ◽  
Mixed Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Layer Interaction ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Silica Colloids

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to measure the force of interaction between pairs of silica colloids in aqueous inorganic and natural organic electrolyte solutions. In solutions containing a mixture of mono- and divalent inorganic ions, the force measurements on approach can be understood in terms of an electrical double-layer interaction, with decay lengths being comparable to the predicted Debye length. The force of interaction on separation in these mixed electrolyte solutions has been found to be entirely repulsive. Force measurements in a mixture of monovalent ions and natural organic matter (NOM), which is a common component of natural waters, are also reported. The decay length of the electrical double-layer interaction is observed to decrease upon addition of NOM. Force measurements on separation are characterized by pH-dependent adhesion, which has been interpreted in terms of specific surface adsorption and the intermolecular interaction of NOM. A comparison with particle micro-electrophoresis data for the silica colloids in the mixed electrolyte solutions has also been made.

Modeling the Electrical Double Layer to Understand the Reaction Environment in a CO2 Electrocatalytic System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Bohra ◽  
Jehanzeb Chaudhry ◽  
Thomas Burdyny ◽  
Evgeny Pidko ◽  
wilson smith
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Local Reaction ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Critical Aspect

<p>The environment of a CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction (CO<sub>2</sub>ER) catalyst is intimately coupled with the surface reaction energetics and is therefore a critical aspect of the overall system performance. The immediate reaction environment of the electrocatalyst constitutes the electrical double layer (EDL) which extends a few nanometers into the electrolyte and screens the surface charge density. In this study, we resolve the species concentrations and potential profiles in the EDL of a CO<sub>2</sub>ER system by self-consistently solving the migration, diffusion and reaction phenomena using the generalized modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (GMPNP) equations which include the effect of volume exclusion due to the solvated size of solution species. We demonstrate that the concentration of solvated cations builds at the outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) with increasing applied potential until the steric limit is reached. The formation of the EDL is expected to have important consequences for the transport of the CO<sub>2</sub> molecule to the catalyst surface. The electric field in the EDL diminishes the pH in the first 5 nm from the OHP, with an accumulation of protons and a concomitant depletion of hydroxide ions. This is a considerable departure from the results obtained using reaction-diffusion models where migration is ignored. Finally, we use the GMPNP model to compare the nature of the EDL for different alkali metal cations to show the effect of solvated size and polarization of water on the resultant electric field. Our results establish the significance of the EDL and electrostatic forces in defining the local reaction environment of CO<sub>2</sub> electrocatalysts.</p>

Electrical Double Layer Formation on Glassy Carbon in Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 138416
Author(s):  
Sofia B. Davey ◽  
Amanda P. Cameron ◽  
Kenneth G. Latham ◽  
Scott W. Donne
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Layer Formation
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