Ecology of scale versus economy of scale for bioethanol production

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Gwehenberger ◽  
Michael Narodoslawsky ◽  
Bettina Liebmann ◽  
Anton Friedl
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-531
Author(s):  
Tokiya Yaguchi ◽  
Makoto Iwasaki ◽  
Youichiro Isono

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-471
Author(s):  
Kamlesh R. Shah ◽  
Rani Vyas ◽  
Gayatriben Patel

ChemSusChem ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos K. Nitsos ◽  
Konstantinos A. Matis ◽  
Kostas S. Triantafyllidis

2014 ◽  
Vol 907 ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckart Uhlmann ◽  
Florian Heitmüller

In gas turbines and turbo jet engines, high performance materials such as nickel-based alloys are widely used for blades and vanes. In the case of repair, finishing of complex turbine blades made of high performance materials is carried out predominantly manually. The repair process is therefore quite time consuming. And the costs of presently available repair strategies, especially for integrated parts, are high, due to the individual process planning and great amount of manually performed work steps. Moreover, there are severe risks of partial damage during manually conducted repair. All that leads to the fact that economy of scale effects remain widely unused for repair tasks, although the piece number of components to be repaired is increasing significantly. In the future, a persistent automation of the repair process chain should be achieved by developing adaptive robot assisted finishing strategies. The goal of this research is to use the automation potential for repair tasks by developing a technology that enables industrial robots to re-contour turbine blades via force controlled belt grinding.


Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 121074
Author(s):  
Nisha Singh ◽  
Ravi P. Gupta ◽  
Suresh K. Puri ◽  
Anshu S. Mathur

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Hyung-Eun An ◽  
Kang Hyun Lee ◽  
Ye Won Jang ◽  
Chang-Bae Kim ◽  
Hah Young Yoo

As greenhouse gases and environmental pollution become serious, the demand for alternative energy such as bioethanol has rapidly increased, and a large supply of biomass is required for bioenergy production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant on the planet and a large part of it, the second-generation biomass, has the advantage of not being a food resource. In this study, Sicyos angulatus, known as an invasive plant (harmful) species, was used as a raw material for bioethanol production. In order to improve enzymatic hydrolysis, S. angulatus was pretreated with different NaOH concentration at 121 °C for 10 min. The optimal NaOH concentration for the pretreatment was determined to be 2% (w/w), and the glucan content (GC) and enzymatic digestibility (ED) were 46.7% and 55.3%, respectively. Through NaOH pretreatment, the GC and ED of S. angulatus were improved by 2.4-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to the control (untreated S. angulatus). The hydrolysates from S. angulatus were applied to a medium for bioethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35. Finally, the maximum ethanol production was found to be 41.3 g based on 1000 g S. angulatus, which was 2.4-fold improved than the control group.


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