scholarly journals Near‐term practical strategies to improve the life cycle techno‐economics, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of corn stover supply system for biobased industries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Shah ◽  
Ashish Manandhar ◽  
Matthew J. Darr
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Near Term

scholarly journals Life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of production of bioethanol from sorghum in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Cai ◽  
Jennifer B Dunn ◽  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Jeongwoo Han ◽  
Michael Q Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Maritime Transport in a Life Cycle Perspective: How Fuels, Vessel Types, and Operational Profiles Influence Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grusche J. Seithe ◽  
Alexandra Bonou ◽  
Dimitrios Giannopoulos ◽  
Chariklia A. Georgopoulou ◽  
Maria Founti
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Fuel Supply

A “Well-to-Propeller” Life Cycle Assessment of maritime transport was performed with a European geographical focus. Four typical types of vessels with specific operational profiles were assessed: a container vessel and a tanker (both with 2-stroke engines), a passenger roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Pax) and a cruise vessel (both with 4-stroke engines). All main engines were dual fuel operated with Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Alternative onshore and offshore fuel supply chains were considered. Primary energy use and greenhouse gas emissions were assessed. Raw material extraction was found to be the most impactful life cycle stage (~90% of total energy use). Regarding greenhouse gases, liquefaction was the key issue. When transitioning from HFO to LNG, the systems were mainly influenced by a reduction in cargo capacity due to bunkering requirements and methane slip, which depends on the fuel supply chain (onshore has 64% more slip than offshore) and the engine type (4-stroke engines have 20% more slip than 2-stroke engines). The combination of alternative fuel supply chains and specific operational profiles allowed for a complete system assessment. The results demonstrated that multiple opposing drivers affect the environmental performance of maritime transport, a useful insight towards establishing emission abatement strategies.

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