An integrated two-stage anaerobic digestion and biofuel production process to reduce life cycle GHG emissions from US dairies

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik R. Coats ◽  
Erin Searcy ◽  
Kevin Feris ◽  
Dev Shrestha ◽  
Armando G. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Two Stage

The potential of bio-methane as bio-fuel/bio-energy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: a qualitative assessment for Europe in a life cycle perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tilche ◽  
Michele Galatola
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Ghg Reduction

Anaerobic digestion is a well known process that (while still capable of showing new features) has experienced several waves of technological development. It was “born” as a wastewater treatment system, in the 1970s showed promise as an alternative energy source (in particular from animal waste), in the 1980s and later it became a standard for treating organic-matter-rich industrial wastewater, and more recently returned to the market for its energy recovery potential, making use of different biomasses, including energy crops. With the growing concern around global warming, this paper looks at the potential of anaerobic digestion in terms of reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The potential contribution of anaerobic digestion to GHG reduction has been computed for the 27 EU countries on the basis of their 2005 Kyoto declarations and using life cycle data. The theoretical potential contribution of anaerobic digestion to Kyoto and EU post-Kyoto targets has been calculated. Two different possible biogas applications have been considered: electricity production from manure waste, and upgraded methane production for light goods vehicles (from landfill biogas and municipal and industrial wastewater treatment sludges). The useful heat that can be produced as by-product from biogas conversion into electricity has not been taken into consideration, as its real exploitation depends on local conditions. Moreover the amount of biogas already produced via dedicated anaerobic digestion processes has also not been included in the calculations. Therefore the overall gains achievable would be even higher than those reported here. This exercise shows that biogas may considerably contribute to GHG emission reductions in particular if used as a biofuel. Results also show that its use as a biofuel may allow for true negative GHG emissions, showing a net advantage with respect to other biofuels. Considering also energy crops that will become available in the next few years as a result of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform, this study shows that biogas has the potential of covering almost 50% of the 2020 biofuel target of 10% of all automotive transport fuels, without implying a change in land use. Moreover, considering the achievable GHG reductions, a very large carbon emission trading “value” could support the investment needs. However, those results were obtained through a “qualitative” assessment. In order to produce robust data for decision makers, a quantitative sustainability assessment should be carried out, integrating different methodologies within a life cycle framework. The identification of the most appropriate policy for promoting the best set of options is then discussed.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Energy and GHG Emissions of Forest Biomass Harvest and Transport for Biofuel Production in Michigan

Energies ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3258-3271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengli Zhang ◽  
Dana Johnson ◽  
Jinjiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Harvest

Wytyczne do modelowania emisji GHG w cyklu życia komponentów paliw z pirolizy biomasy

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-567
Author(s):  
Delfina Rogowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Ghg Emission

The goals of the European Union set out in Directive 2018/2001 for 2030, including in particular the transport target of 3.5% share of the energy produced from feedstocks listed in Annex IX to the directive, indicate the need to search for new technologies for processing these feedstocks. The latter include waste and residual materials, including those from agriculture and forestry, cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials. These are feedstocks that are difficult or impossible to process using currently operating technologies. For this reason, it is necessary to implement new technologies allowing the use of feedstocks listed in Annex IX. These technologies should allow the production of high-quality engine fuel components and at the same time meet the sustainability criteria defined in Directive 2018/2001. The conducted literature review indicated that biomass pyrolysis combined with the hydrograding process may be such a technology. The article also provides a short literature review concerning the determination of GHG emission intensity for products from solid biomass pyrolysis. The review showed that this is a promising process, however, depending on the raw materials and energy carriers used, meeting the GHG emission reduction criterion may be difficult, especially if biomass from crops is used as the raw material. This article provides guidelines for the development of a model for calculating GHG emissions in the life cycle of a biocomponent from biomass pyrolysis. The entire life cycle of the biocomponent has been divided into sub-processes. Each of them has been briefly characterized. For each of them, the system boundaries, functional unit, input and output streams are defined. The sources of GHG emissions and the product to which these emissions can be allocated were also indicated. The stages identified in this biofuel production pathway have been assigned to the GHG emission components given in the formula in Directive 2018/2001.

Life cycle assessment of portable two-stage anaerobic digestion of mixed food waste and cardboard

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Isola ◽  
Heidi L. Sieverding ◽  
Caitlin M. Asato ◽  
Jorge Gonzalez-Estrella ◽  
David Litzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Two Stage

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of a Novel Sustainable Ammonia Production Process From Food Waste and Brown Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedehhoma Ghavam ◽  
Caroline M. Taylor ◽  
Peter Styring
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Potential Efficiency

Global demand for both clean energy carriers and agricultural nutrients continues to grow rapidly, alongside increasing quantities of waste globally, interlinked challenges that may be addressed with interlinked solutions. We report on the potential efficiency and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) intensity of several configurations of a new, sustainability-driven ammonia (NH3) production processes to determine whether a waste-based process designed first around carbon dioxide (CO2) capture can compete with other available NH3 technologies. This is assessed via different scenarios: Two hydrogen generating options are paired with four CO2 fates. For either an anaerobic digestion-centered process or a two-stage dark fermentation coupled with anaerobic digestion process, the resultant CO2 may be captured and injected, sold to the marketplace, released directly in the atmosphere, or converted to urea in order to produce a green substitute for synthetic NH3. Modeled yields range from 47 t NH3 when the resultant CO2 is released or captured, or 3.8 t NH3 and 76.5 t urea when the system is designed to produce no unutilized CO2. Among the technologies assessed, NH3 production where CO2 is captured for anaerobic digestion-only is the most efficient for GHG emissions and water consumption, while the two-stage requires less energy on a fertilizer-N basis. GHG emissions for anaerobic digestion-only are approximately 8% lower than the two-stage. The best of the proposed technology configurations consumes about 41% less energy than water electrolysis coupled with Haber-Bosch and approximately 27% lower energy than Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) coupled with Haber-Bosch per kg NH3.

scholarly journals Assessing costs and environmental impacts of municipal food waste treatment options in Columbia, Missouri : a decision support tool integrating life cycle analysis and robust optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lydia Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Feed Production

Many municipal governments currently have goals in place to align with global efforts and policy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions and take advantage of waste as a resource for renewable energy and nutrients. To meet specified goals and targets, decisionmakers need data-driven analysis to understand both the costs and environmental impacts of their plans. This study develops a decision support tool applied in Columbia, Missouri, USA, with aims to model the economic and environmental tradeoffs in solid waste management decisions for the collection and treatment of food waste in the municipal solid waste stream while considering existing infrastructure and uncertainty in environmental impact data. The tool uses life cycle analysis environmental impact data from literature and cost data from case-studies to simulate both a FW collection route and the processing of FW through various potential and existing treatment options (anaerobic digestion, anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge, composting, landfilling, dry animal feed production, wet animal feed production). The model calculates the cost and greenhouse gas emissions of the transportation and treatment processes in each simulation. The tool can choose the best FW management scenario for the objective of minimizing cost or minimizing GHG emissions. Robust optimization incorporates uncertainty into the model by allowing environmental impacts for any FW treatment option to assume a maximum or minimum of a range of values from literature, representing the worst- and best-case values for environmental performance, respectively. Average case results indicate that a minimum cost scenario uses a combination of landfilling and composting FW that results in net positive GHG emissions. To minimize environmental impact, the average case results favor anaerobic digestion, a scenario which results in net negative GHG emissions. Compared to the minimum cost scenario, the transportation costs in the minimum impact scenario are similar, while the costs to treat the FW are nearly nine times higher. Robust results focus on variability in environmental impacts. In the model results, anaerobic digestion is favored when assuming its minimum environmental impact value but is outperformed by other options when anaerobic digestion assumes the maximum of its possible range. All considered options outperform landfilling, but the rankings among landfilling alternatives depend highly on assumptions regarding offsets estimated in life cycle assessment. Without any offsets, wet animal feed production is the best FW treatment solution. Environmental impact of transportation in this model is not influential. The results demonstrate the importance of model assumptions, uncertainty in life cycle GHG estimates, and consideration of existing infrastructure in determining the optimal scenarios.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the biofuel production process from sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Sanz Requena ◽  
A.C. Guimaraes ◽  
S. Quirós Alpera ◽  
E. Relea Gangas ◽  
S. Hernandez-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Biofuel Production

Two-Stage anaerobic digestion in agroindustrial waste treatment: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 111854
Author(s):  
Paulo André Cremonez ◽  
Joel Gustavo Teleken ◽  
Thompson Ricardo Weiser Meier ◽  
Helton José Alves
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste
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