WHO Issues Updated Draft Microcystin Algal Toxin Guidance

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Cotruvo
Keyword(s):  
Algal Toxin

scholarly journals Susceptibility of the Algal Toxin Microcystin-LR to UV/Chlorine Process: Comparison with Chlorination

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (15) ◽  
pp. 8252-8262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Duan ◽  
Toby Sanan ◽  
Armah de la Cruz ◽  
Xuexiang He ◽  
Minghao Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Comparison ◽  
Algal Toxin

Algal Toxin Goniodomin A Binds Potassium Ion Selectively to Yield a Conformationally Altered Complex with Potential Biological Consequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig J. Tainter ◽  
Nathan D. Schley ◽  
Constance M. Harris ◽  
Donald F. Stec ◽  
Anna K. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Algal Toxin

scholarly journals Combined Cytotoxicity of the Phycotoxin Okadaic Acid and Mycotoxins on Intestinal and Neuroblastoma Human Cell Models

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Hayashi ◽  
Juan José Dorantes-Aranda ◽  
John Bowman ◽  
Gustaaf Hallegraeff
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Algal Toxins ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Algal Toxin ◽  
Ht 29

Mycotoxins are emerging toxins in the marine environment, which can co-occur with algal toxins to exert synergistic or antagonistic effects for human seafood consumption. The current study assesses the cytotoxicity of the algal toxin okadaic acid, shellfish, and dust storm-associated mycotoxins alone or in combination on human intestinal (HT-29) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines. Based on calculated IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50%) values, mycotoxins and the algal toxin on their own exhibited increased cytotoxicity in the order of sydowinin A < sydowinin B << patulin < alamethicin < sydowinol << gliotoxin ≈ okadaic acid against the HT-29 cell line, and sydowinin B < sydowinin A << alamethicin ≈ sydowinol < patulin, << gliotoxin < okadaic acid against the SH-SY5Y cell line. Combinations of okadaic acid–sydowinin A, –alamethicin, –patulin, and –gliotoxin exhibited antagonistic effects at low-moderate cytotoxicity, but became synergistic at high cytotoxicity, while okadaic acid–sydowinol displayed an antagonistic relationship against HT-29 cells. Furthermore, only okadaic acid–sydowinin A showed synergism, while okadaic acid–sydowinol, –alamethicin, –patulin, and –gliotoxin combinations demonstrated antagonism against SH-SY5Y. While diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) from okadaic acid and analogues in many parts of the world is considered to be a comparatively minor seafood toxin syndrome, our human cell model studies suggest that synergisms with certain mycotoxins may aggravate human health impacts, depending on the concentrations. These findings highlight the issues of the shortcomings of current regulatory approaches, which do not regulate for mycotoxins in shellfish and treat seafood toxins as if they occur as single toxins.

Direct effects of the algal toxin, domoic acid, on ovarian function: Bovine granulosa and theca cells as an in vitro model

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Pizzo ◽  
Francesca Caloni ◽  
Nicole B. Schreiber ◽  
Luis F. Schutz ◽  
Morgan L. Totty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domoic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Algal Toxin ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals In vitro hepatic biotransformation of the algal toxin pectenotoxin-2

Toxicon X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 100031
Author(s):  
Morten Sandvik ◽  
Christopher O. Miles ◽  
Alistair L. Wilkins ◽  
Christiane Fæste
Keyword(s):  
Algal Toxin ◽  
Hepatic Biotransformation ◽  
Pectenotoxin 2

Effects of algal toxin okadaic acid on the non-specific immune and antioxidant response of bay scallop ( Argopecten irradians )

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chi ◽  
Sib Sankar Giri ◽  
Jin Woo Jun ◽  
Hyoun Joong Kim ◽  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Argopecten Irradians ◽  
Bay Scallop ◽  
Algal Toxin

Protein markers of algal toxin contamination in shellfish

Toxicon ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ronzitti ◽  
Anna Milandri ◽  
Giampiero Scortichini ◽  
Roberto Poletti ◽  
Gian Paolo Rossini
Keyword(s):  
Protein Markers ◽  
Algal Toxin

Effects on larval crabs of exposure to algal toxin via ingestion of heterotrophic prey

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Garcia ◽  
Stephen Sulkin ◽  
Miranda Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Algal Toxin
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