Functional connectivity within an anxiety network and associations with anxiety symptom severity in middle‐aged adults with and without autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Tung ◽  
Maya A. Reiter ◽  
Annika Linke ◽  
Jiwandeep S. Kohli ◽  
Mikaela K. Kinnear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Anxiety Symptom ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

scholarly journals Executive dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional examination in a population-representative sample

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Hall ◽  
Gang Meng ◽  
Anna Hudson ◽  
Mohammad Nazmus Sakib ◽  
Sara C Hitchman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Objective: To determine whether SRS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptom severity are associated with executive dysfunction among members of the general population, including those not hospitalized or exposed to intubation. Design: Cross-sectional observation study with data from an ongoing national cohort study of young and middle-aged adults. The Canadian COVID-19 Experiences Project (CCEP) survey involves 1,958 adults with equal representation of vaccinated and vaccine hesitant adults between the ages of 18 and 54 years. Setting: Population-based survey of community dwelling adults, representative of the broader Canadian population. Participants: Men and women between 18 and 54 years of age from English and French speaking provinces. The sample comprised 1,958 adults with a mean age of 37 years (SD=10.4); 60.8% were female. Exposures: SARS-CoV-2 infection with COVID-19 symptoms of any severity, ranging from negligeable to life-threatening infection requiring hospitalization. Primary Outcome: Symptoms of cognitive dysfunction assessed via an abbreviated form of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS). Results: Those who reported a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection regardless of COVID-19 symptom severity (Madj=1.89, SE=0.08, CI: 1.74, 2.04; n=175) reported a significantly higher number of symptoms of executive dysfunction than their non-infected counterparts (Madj=1.63, SE=0.08, CI: 1.47,1.80; n=1,599; β=0.26, p=.001). Among those infected, there was a dose-response relationship between COVID-19 symptom severity and level of executive dysfunction, with moderate (β=0.23, CI: 0.003-0.46) and very/extremely severe (β= 0.69, CI: 0.22-1.16) COVID-19 symptoms being associated with significantly greater dysfunction, compared to asymptomatic. These effects remained reliable and of similar magnitude after removing those who had been received intubation and when controlling for vaccination status. Conclusions: Positive SARS-CoV-2 infection history and COVID-19 symptom severity are associated with executive dysfunction among young and middle-aged adults with no history of medically induced coma.

scholarly journals Reduced asymmetry of the hand knob area and decreased sensorimotor u-fiber connectivity in middle-aged adults with autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Hau ◽  
Ashley Baker ◽  
Chantal Chaaban ◽  
Jiwandeep S Kohli ◽  
R Joanne Jao Keehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Hand Knob ◽  
The Right ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
Fiber Connectivity

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently present with impairments in motor skills (e.g., limb coordination, handwriting and balance), which are observed across the lifespan but remain largely untreated. Many adults with ASD may thus experience adverse motor outcomes in aging, when physical decline naturally occurs. The 'hand knob' of the sensorimotor cortex is an area that is critical for motor control of the fingers and hands. However, this region has received little attention in ASD research, especially in adults after midlife. The hand knob area of the precentral (PrChand) and postcentral (PoChand) gyri was semi-manually delineated in 49 right-handed adults (25 ASD, 24 typical comparison [TC] participants, aged 41-70 years). Using multimodal (T1-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and resting-state functional) MRI, we examined the morphology, ipsilateral connectivity and laterality of these regions. Correlations between hand knob measures with motor skills and autism symptoms, and between structural and functional connectivity measures were also investigated. The right PrChand volume was greater, and typical leftward laterality of PrChand and PoChand volume was lower in the ASD than the TC group. Furthermore, we observed increased mean diffusivity of the right PoC-PrChand u-fibers in the ASD group. In the ASD group, right PoC-PrChand u-fiber volume was negatively associated with current autism severity, and positively associated with right PoC-PrChand functional connectivity (FC). Correlations of hand knob measures were observed with manual dexterity and coordination skills but did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Our findings suggest decreased morphological laterality and u-fiber connectivity of the sensorimotor network involved in hand function in middle-aged adults with ASD. The altered morphology may relate to atypical functional asymmetries found in ASD earlier in life, but additionally, could reflect an overreliance on right hemisphere motor circuits over time. The right PoC-PrChand u-fibers may underlie compensatory self-regulation of unwanted core motor behaviors seen in ASD.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Genes Are Associated with Intrinsic Connectivity in Middle Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
Jenna Katherine Blujus ◽  
Laura Elizabeth Korthauer ◽  
Elizabeth Awe ◽  
Marijam Frahmand ◽  
Ira Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background: It is critical to identify individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) earlier in the disease time course, such as middle age and preferably well prior to the onset of clinical symptoms, when intervention efforts may be more successful. Genome-wide association and candidate gene studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in APOE, CLU, CR1, PICALM, and SORL1 that confer increased risk of AD. Objective: In the current study, we investigated the associations between SNPs in these genes and resting-state functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and executive control network (ECN) in healthy, non-demented middle-aged adults (age 40 –60; N = 123; 74 females). Methods: Resting state networks of interest were identified through independent components analysis using a template-matching procedure and individual spatial maps and time courses were extracted using dual regression. Results: Within the posterior DMN, functional connectivity was associated with CR1 rs1408077 and CLU rs9331888 polymorphisms (p’s < 0.05). FPN connectivity was associated with CR1 rs1408077, CLU rs1136000, SORL1 rs641120, and SORL1 rs689021 (p’s < 0.05). Functional connectivity within the ECN was associated with the CLU rs11136000 (p < 0.05). There were no APOE- or PICALM-related differences in any of the networks investigated (p’s > 0.05). Conclusion: This is the first demonstration of the relationship between intrinsic network connectivity and AD risk alleles in CLU, CR1, and SORL1 in healthy, middle-aged adults. These SNPs should be considered in future investigations aimed at identifying potential preclinical biomarkers for AD.

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