scholarly journals Language deficits in specific language impairment, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder: An analysis of polygenic risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Nudel ◽  
Camilla A. J. Christiani ◽  
Jessica Ohland ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Language Deficits ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Specific Language Impairment, Nonverbal IQ, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cochlear Implants, Bilingualism, and Dialectal Variants: Defining the Boundaries, Clarifying Clinical Conditions, and Sorting Out Causes

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel L. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Purpose The purpose of this research forum article is to provide an overview of a collection of invited articles on the topic “specific language impairment (SLI) in children with concomitant health conditions or nonmainstream language backgrounds.” Topics include SLI, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cochlear implants, bilingualism, and dialectal language learning contexts. Method The topic is timely due to current debates about the diagnosis of SLI. An overarching comparative conceptual framework is provided for comparisons of SLI with other clinical conditions. Comparisons of SLI in children with low-normal or normal nonverbal IQ illustrate the unexpected outcomes of 2 × 2 comparison designs. Results Comparative studies reveal unexpected relationships among speech, language, cognitive, and social dimensions of children's development as well as precise ways to identify children with SLI who are bilingual or dialect speakers. Conclusions The diagnosis of SLI is essential for elucidating possible causal pathways of language impairments, risks for language impairments, assessments for identification of language impairments, linguistic dimensions of language impairments, and long-term outcomes. Although children's language acquisition is robust under high levels of risk, unexplained individual variations in language acquisition lead to persistent language impairments.

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