Exploring diagnostic validity of the autism diagnostic observation schedule‐2 in South Korean toddlers and preschoolers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1356-1366
Author(s):  
Kyung Sook Lee ◽  
Suk Jin Chung ◽  
Hannah R. Thomas ◽  
Jinah Park ◽  
So Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Diagnostic Validity ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

scholarly journals Testing the accuracy of an observation-based classifier for rapid detection of autism risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. e424-e424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Duda ◽  
J A Kosmicki ◽  
D P Wall
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Validity ◽  
Statistical Accuracy ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Best Estimate ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Abstract Current approaches for diagnosing autism have high diagnostic validity but are time consuming and can contribute to delays in arriving at an official diagnosis. In a pilot study, we used machine learning to derive a classifier that represented a 72% reduction in length from the gold-standard Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G), while retaining >97% statistical accuracy. The pilot study focused on a relatively small sample of children with and without autism. The present study sought to further test the accuracy of the classifier (termed the observation-based classifier (OBC)) on an independent sample of 2616 children scored using ADOS from five data repositories and including both spectrum (n=2333) and non-spectrum (n=283) individuals. We tested OBC outcomes against the outcomes provided by the original and current ADOS algorithms, the best estimate clinical diagnosis, and the comparison score severity metric associated with ADOS-2. The OBC was significantly correlated with the ADOS-G (r=−0.814) and ADOS-2 (r=−0.779) and exhibited >97% sensitivity and >77% specificity in comparison to both ADOS algorithm scores. The correspondence to the best estimate clinical diagnosis was also high (accuracy=96.8%), with sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 83.3%. The correlation between the OBC score and the comparison score was significant (r=−0.628), suggesting that the OBC provides both a classification as well as a measure of severity of the phenotype. These results further demonstrate the accuracy of the OBC and suggest that reductions in the process of detecting and monitoring autism are possible.

scholarly journals The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA): Development of a New Adapted Assessment Measure for Remote Telehealth Administration through COVID-19 and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Dow ◽  
Alison Holbrook ◽  
Christina Toolan ◽  
Nicole McDonald ◽  
Kyle Sterrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Psychological Services ◽  
Assessment Measure ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Interest in telehealth assessment for autism has increased due to COVID-19 and subsequent expansion of remote psychological services, though options that are easy for clinicians to adopt and available through the lifespan are limited. The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) provides a social context with standardized materials and activities that can be coded by clinicians trained in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). The current project examined psychometric properties to determine optimal use for each BOSA version. Three hundred and seven participants with 453 BOSAs were included to determine best performing items for algorithms, validity, sensitivity, specificity, recommended cut-offs, and proposed ranges of concern. While preliminary, the BOSA provides a promising new option for telehealth-administered assessment for autism.

scholarly journals Social Attention Deficits in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Task Dependence of Objects vs. Faces Observation Bias

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Mouga ◽  
João Castelhano ◽  
Cátia Café ◽  
Daniela Sousa ◽  
Frederico Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Task Dependence ◽  
Observation Bias ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Social attention deficits represent a central impairment of patients suffering from autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the nature of such deficits remains controversial. We compared visual attention regarding social (faces) vs. non-social stimuli (objects), in an ecological diagnostic context, in 46 children and adolescents divided in two groups: ASD (N = 23) and typical neurodevelopment (TD) (N = 23), matched for chronological age and intellectual performance. Eye-tracking measures of visual scanning, while exploring and describing scenes from three different tasks from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), were analyzed: “Description of a Picture,” “Cartoons,” and “Telling a Story from a Book.” Our analyses revealed a three-way interaction between Group, Task, and Social vs. Object Stimuli. We found a striking main effect of group and a task dependence of attentional allocation: while the TD attended first and longer to faces, ASD participants became similar to TD when they were asked to look at pictures while telling a story. Our results suggest that social attention allocation is task dependent, raising the question whether spontaneous attention deficits can be rescued by guiding goal-directed actions.

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