scholarly journals Joint effects of prenatal air pollutant exposure and maternal folic acid supplementation on risk of autism spectrum disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Goodrich ◽  
Heather E. Volk ◽  
Daniel J. Tancredi ◽  
Rob McConnell ◽  
Fred W. Lurmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Joint Effects

scholarly journals Prenatal Folic Acid Supplements and Offspring’s Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Liu ◽  
Mingyang Zou ◽  
Caihong Sun ◽  
Lijie Wu ◽  
Wen-Xiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
Folic Acid Supplements ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractWe systematically reviewed the evidence on the association between maternal folic acid supplementation and the risk of offspring’s autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A total of 10 studies with 23 sub-studies (9795 ASD cases) were included. Folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of offspring’s ASD [OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41–0.78]. The consumption of a daily amount of at least 400 μg folic acid from dietary sources and supplements, was associated with a reduced risk of offspring ASD [OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36–0.83]. Critical effective maternal folic acid supplementation strategies, such as intake timing and intake dosage, may aid the reduction in the risk of offspring ASD. This meta-analysis provided new insights for the prevention of offspring’s ASD.

scholarly journals Associations of heavy metal levels with environmental and behavioral factors in children with autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Yongshun Huang ◽  
Weiyong Huang ◽  
Chang’an Zhao ◽  
Ligang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Folic Acid Intake ◽  
Acid Intake

Abstract Background The etiologies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are yet unclear. Previous studies suggested that ASD is associated with environmental heavy metals. Thus, the present study analyzed the levels of 41 heavy metals and the associated environmental factors in children with ASD. Methods The 25 children diagnosed with ASD were included in the case group (ASD group), while the 18 age- and gender-matched healthy children who came for routine care were included in the typical development group (TD group). The levels of heavy metal in the blood were measured in both groups. The questionnaire survey collected the demographic information, socioeconomic information, and risk factors of potential heavy metal sources for the analysis of risk factors. Results A total of 25 children were included in the ASD group and 18 in the TD group. The blood manganese (Mn) level was significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group . The father’s educational level was significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group. The living status was mainly scattered for the ASD children and daycare for the TD group. The frequency of book-reading, washing hand with sanitizer/soap, and the folic acid intake by the mother before pregnancy was significantly lower in the ASD group than the TD group, while the percentage of birth disorder history was significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the folic acid intake by the mother before pregnancy and father’s education level beyond junior college were protective factors for ASD. Also, the frequencies of washing hands with sanitizer every time, sometimes, and hardly acted as protective factors for ASD. Conclusion Blood Mn level was significantly higher in ASD than TD, suggesting that environmental Mn exposure could be a risk factor of ASD in children. Folic acid intake by the mother before pregnancy and father’s education levels are protective factors for ASD. Concentrated heavy metal in the blood in prenatal or early life exposures which suggested ASD is needed in the future study.

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