scholarly journals Response to changing contingencies in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie B. Northrup ◽  
Klaus Libertus ◽  
Jana M. Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

scholarly journals Resistance to temptation in toddlers at genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1027
Author(s):  
Susan B Campbell ◽  
Jessie B Northrup ◽  
Amy B Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
High Risk Children

Children with autism spectrum disorder often demonstrate difficulties with self-regulation, although studies of this construct in young children with autism spectrum disorder are limited. In this study, developmental changes were examined using a measure of self-regulation appropriate for young children, resistance to temptation. At 22, 28, and 34 months, toddlers with an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder (high risk) and toddlers with typically developing older siblings (low risk) were presented with an appealing toy and instructed not to touch it. Observers coded whether or not children touched the toy and the strategies they used to resist touching it. At 36 months, children were assessed for autism spectrum disorder, yielding three groups: high risk children with autism spectrum disorder, high risk children without autism spectrum disorder, and low risk children. At 22 months, most children, regardless of group, touched the forbidden toy; at 28 and 34 months, many high risk children without autism spectrum disorder and low risk children resisted the temptation to touch the toy, whereas most of the children with autism spectrum disorder did not. Differences in delay strategies were also evident. Some, but not all group differences, were accounted for by differences in language ability. Results highlight one early index of impulse control that differentiates children with emerging autism spectrum disorder from age-mates prior to the third birthday.

scholarly journals Emerging Executive Functioning and Motor Development in Infants at High and Low Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya St. John ◽  
Annette M. Estes ◽  
Stephen R. Dager ◽  
Penelope Kostopoulos ◽  
Jason J. Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

scholarly journals Development of attention from birth to 5 months in infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bradshaw ◽  
Ami Klin ◽  
Lindsey Evans ◽  
Cheryl Klaiman ◽  
Celine Saulnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

AbstractSocial-communication skills emerge within the context of rich social interactions, facilitated by an infant's capacity to attend to people and objects in the environment. Disruption in this early neurobehavioral process may decrease the frequency and quality of social interactions and learning opportunities, potentially leading to downstream deleterious effects on social development. This study examined early attention in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who are at risk for social and communication delays. Visual and auditory attention was mapped from age 1 week to 5 months in infants at familial risk for ASD (high risk; N = 41) and low-risk typically developing infants (low risk; N = 39). At 12 months, a subset of participants (N = 40) was administered assessments of social communication and nonverbal cognitive skills. Results revealed that high-risk infants performed lower on attention tasks at 2 and 3 months of age compared to low-risk infants. A significant association between overall attention at 3 months and developmental outcome at 12 months was observed for both groups. These results provide evidence for early vulnerabilities in visual attention for infants at risk for ASD during a period of important neurodevelopmental transition (between 2 and 3 months) when attention has significant implications for social communication and cognitive development.

scholarly journals Longitudinal prediction of language emergence in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Edmunds ◽  
Lisa V. Ibañez ◽  
Zachary Warren ◽  
Daniel S. Messinger ◽  
Wendy L. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Motor Imitation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Language Growth ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractThis study used a prospective longitudinal design to examine the early developmental pathways that underlie language growth in infants at high risk (n = 50) and low risk (n = 34) for autism spectrum disorder in the first 18 months of life. While motor imitation and responding to joint attention (RJA) have both been found to predict expressive language in children with autism spectrum disorder and those with typical development, the longitudinal relation between these capacities has not yet been identified. As hypothesized, results revealed that 15-month RJA mediated the association between 12-month motor imitation and 18-month expressive vocabulary, even after controlling for earlier levels of RJA and vocabulary. These results provide new information about the developmental sequencing of skills relevant to language growth that may inform future intervention efforts for children at risk for language delay or other developmental challenges.

scholarly journals Profiles of Early Actions and Gestures in Infants With an Older Sibling With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey L. West ◽  
Emily J. Roemer ◽  
Jessie B. Northrup ◽  
Jana M. Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Object Manipulation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Older Sibling

Purpose Infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) produce fewer play actions and gestures than neurotypical infants (e.g., Mastrogiuseppe et al., 2015; Veness et al., 2012; Zwaigenbaum et al., 2005). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different “types” of actions and gestures are more or less likely to develop atypically in ASD. Method We examined eight types of actions and gestures longitudinally from ages 8 to 14 months in 80 infants with a heightened risk for developing ASD by virtue of having an affected older sibling (high risk [HR]; e.g., Ozonoff et al., 2011) and 25 infants with no such familial risk (low risk). Data were collected using the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Fenson et al., 1994, 1993). Results HR infants later diagnosed with ASD showed less growth across nearly all types of actions and gestures compared to the low-risk comparison group. Importantly, these HR infants who were later diagnosed with ASD also exhibited reduced growth in frequent deictic gestures and in actions that involve object manipulation relative to HR infants with non-ASD language delay. Conclusions During infancy, it is challenging for clinicians to distinguish ASD from other early communicative delays (e.g., Camarata, 2014). Our results indicate that deictic gestures, as well as actions and gestures involving object manipulation, may be useful targets of surveillance strategies for HR infants and could support early detection efforts for ASD.

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder screening with the CBCL/1½–5: Findings for young children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A Rescorla ◽  
Breanna M Winder-Patel ◽  
Sarah J Paterson ◽  
Juhi Pandey ◽  
Jason J Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
High Risk Children

The screening power of the CBCL/1½–5’s Withdrawn and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems (DSM-PDP) scales to identify children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 24 months was tested in a longitudinal, familial high-risk study. Participants were 56 children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder due to an affected older sibling (high-risk group) and 26 low-risk children with a typically developing older sibling (low-risk group). At 24 months, 13 of the 56 high-risk children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, whereas the other 43 were not. The high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder group had significantly higher scores on the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems and Withdrawn scales than children in the low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder groups [Formula: see text]. Receiver operating characteristic analyses yielded very high area under the curve values (0.91 and 0.89), and a cut point of T ⩾ 60 yielded sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 97% to 99% between the high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and the combination of low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Consistent with several previous studies, the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems scale and the Withdrawn syndrome differentiated well between children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and those not diagnosed.

The diagnosis conundrum: Comparison of crowdsourced and expert assessments of toddlers with high and low risk of autism spectrum disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1629-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Myers ◽  
Wendy L. Stone ◽  
Raphael Bernier ◽  
Thomas Lendvay ◽  
Bryan Comstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Expert Assessments
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