Gender differences in autism spectrum disorders: Divergence among specific core symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Beggiato ◽  
Hugo Peyre ◽  
Anna Maruani ◽  
Isabelle Scheid ◽  
Maria Rastam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Core Symptoms

scholarly journals Recurrence Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03071
Author(s):  
Valeria Li Tang
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined based on the core symptoms of typical autism. It is considered to be a congenital mental disorder and has nothing to do with acquired family education. Children with this disease have difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviours [3]. Since it is a severe disease that hinder the development of children, the risk factors of this disease are worth being investigated. One known risk factor is the gender. However, other risks are not defined yet such as the recurrence risk in siblings. Therefore, the author tried to figure out this risk. This paper reviewed a study done in 2011 about the recurrence risk for autism spectrum disorders in siblings. A longitudinal study was used, meaning that the same test subjects were examined over a period of time. The autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS), the standard diagnostic test for ASD was used in this study to determine whether a child is diagnosed with ASD. The results were estimated through parameters of a model numerically by an iterative fitting process. It was found through this research that there was indeed a correlation between children who had siblings with ASD and having ASD themselves.

scholarly journals Assessment of behavioral, morphological and electrophysiological changes in prenatal and postnatal valproate induced rat models of autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarine Fereshetyan ◽  
Vergine Chavushyan ◽  
Margarita Danielyan ◽  
Konstantin Yenkoyan
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders, that are characterized by core symptoms, such as alterations of social communication and restrictive or repetitive behavior. The etiology and pathophysiology of disease is still unknown, however, there is a strong interaction between genetic and environmental factors. An intriguing point in autism research is identification the vulnerable time periods of brain development that lack compensatory homeostatic corrections. Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug with a pronounced teratogenic effect associated with a high risk of ASD, and its administration to rats during the gestation is used for autism modeling. It has been hypothesized that valproate induced damage and functional alterations of autism target structures may occur and evolve during early postnatal life. Here, we used prenatal and postnatal administrations of VPA to investigate the main behavioral features which are associated with autism spectrum disorders core symptoms were tested in early juvenile and adult rats. Neuroanatomical lesion of autism target structures and electrophysiological studies in specific neural circuits. Our results showed that prenatal and early postnatal administration of valproate led to the behavioral alterations that were similar to ASD. Postnatally treated group showed tendency to normalize in adulthood. We found pronounced structural changes in the brain target regions of prenatally VPA-treated groups, and an absence of abnormalities in postnatally VPA-treated groups, which confirmed the different severity of VPA across different stages of brain development. The results of this study clearly show time dependent effect of VPA on neurodevelopment, which might be explained by temporal differences of brain regions’ development process. Presumably, postnatal administration of valproate leads to the dysfunction of synaptic networks that is recovered during the lifespan, due to the brain plasticity and compensatory ability of circuit refinement. Therefore, investigations of compensatory homeostatic mechanisms activated after VPA administration and directed to eliminate the defects in postnatal brain, may elucidate strategies to improve the course of disease.

Gender differences in symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders in toddlers

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1465-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Sipes ◽  
Johnny L. Matson ◽  
Julie A. Worley ◽  
Alison M. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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