Kappa-effect and brightness oscillations of stars

2012 ◽  
Vol 333 (10) ◽  
pp. 926-930
Author(s):  
Y. D. Zhugzhda ◽  
M. Roth ◽  
W. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Kappa Effect

Influence of Phenomenal Time on Perceived Space

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Russo ◽  
A. Dellantonio
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Empty Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physical Time ◽  
Kappa Effect

It is known from work by Helson and King that the apparent spatial distance between stimuli presented in succession depends on the time interval between those stimuli (“tau effect”). It is also known that the apparent time (i.e., the interval of time perceived between stimuli presented in succession) depends on the spatial distance between the stimuli defining the time interval (called “kappa effect” by Cohen, Hansel, and Sylvester). For the “kappa effect,” apparent time between lights and stimuli on the skin of the forearm undergoes modification depending on the apparent spatial distance, as presented in Suto's work beginning in the early 1940s. The present work is complementary to Suto's. Its purpose is to test whether apparent spatial distance depends on the objective or subjective (apparent, phenomenal) time interval. To achieve this, our crucial (third) experiment was preceded by two exploratory experiments: the first to verify the illusion in which a subdivided interval appears longer than an empty interval of the same length (Oppel-Kundt temporal illusion); the second to verify the presence of the “tau effect” with simultaneous tactual and auditory stimuli for time intervals between 1500 and 2500 msec. In the third experiment subjects received successive tactual stimuli defining two spatial distance and two time intervals. They also received auditory stimuli that produced the Oppel-Kundt illusion by making the time intervals phenomenally different. The results fill a small experimental gap by showing it is subjective (phenomenal) and not objective (physical) time that influences perceived spatial distances.

Alternative to the Wavelength Interpretation of the Auditory Kappa Effect

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Hass ◽  
Kenneth C. Hass
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Continuous Tone ◽  
Kappa Effect ◽  
Perceived Duration

We argue that the simple wavelength interpretation of the auditory kappa effect proposed by Yoblick and Salvendy in 1970 is inadequate since only the frequency of an incoming soundwave is preserved at the tympanic membrane. Alternative explanations are proposed in terms of psychological variables. The kappa effect with tonal intervals is explained using an imputed velocity model in which frequency differences are equated to phenomenological “distances.” The continuous tone effect is explained in terms of previously observed correlations between frequency and the volume or “bigness” of a tone and between size and perceived duration.

scholarly journals Tonal Intensity and the Auditory Kappa Effect

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug W. Alardstomalin ◽  
Todd A. Mondor
Keyword(s):  
Kappa Effect

Verbal Estimations of Time at Four Spatial Distances

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cephas J. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Light Flash ◽  
Verbal Estimation ◽  
Kappa Effect

The method of verbal estimation was used to study the Kappa effect with unfilled, light-flash-bounded intervals of .5 to 22 sec. duration. Ss viewed dual flashes of one light and single flashes of paired lights set at 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-in. horizontal separations. Group studies of 56 college students yielded evidence for larger estimations with greater light separation. A significant sex difference was found, female Ss giving longer estimations than males. 4 Ss were studied for 16 daily sessions to observe individual patterns and progressive changes in estimates.

scholarly journals The Kappa Effect With Only Two Visual Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 703-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Kuroda ◽  
Simon Grondin ◽  
Makoto Miyazaki ◽  
Katsuya Ogata ◽  
Shozo Tobimatsu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Angle ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Visual Markers ◽  
Kappa Effect ◽  
Empty Time

The kappa effect is a spatiotemporal illusion where duration is overestimated with the increase of space. This effect is typically demonstrated with three successive stimuli marking two neighboring empty time intervals, and the classical imputed velocity model, in principle, does not help to predict any spatial effects when only two stimuli, marking single intervals, are presented on each trial. We thus conducted three experiments, examining requirements for the occurrence of the kappa effect with only two visual stimuli. An interstimulus interval between the two stimuli was 217 (short) or 283 ms (long), and participants categorized the presented interval as ‘short’ or ‘long’. The key finding is that participants tended to respond ‘short’ more frequently than ‘long’ when both stimuli were delivered from the same location, whereas the relative frequency of ‘long’ responses was increased when the two stimuli were delivered from different locations in most directions (i.e., horizontally, vertically, diagonally; Experiment 1). This kappa effect clearly occurred when each stimulus was located 8° apart from the fovea in visual angle, but it was reduced when each stimulus was further deviated from the fovea, regardless of whether the two stimuli were presented in the vertical or the horizontal direction (Experiments 2 and 3). Moreover, increasing the spatial distance between the two stimuli from 15 to 30 cm magnified the effect only in a limited condition (Experiment 3). Implications of these results were discussed in terms of the Bayesian model predicting the effects of spatial acuity.

scholarly journals Bayesian estimation on logarithmic scales as an explanation for spatiotemporal interferences with a tendency of deceleration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youguo Chen ◽  
Andrew Avitt ◽  
Minghui Cui ◽  
Chunhua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Absolute Threshold ◽  
Temporal Information Processing ◽  
Time Discrimination ◽  
Behavioral Predictions ◽  
Kappa Effect ◽  
The Web

AbstractSpatial and temporal information processing interfere with each other. Kappa effect is a famous spatiotemporal interference, in which the estimated time between two lights increases as an increase of distance between the lights, showing a tendency of deceleration. A classical model attributes the interference to constant speeds and predicts a linear relation, whereas a slowness model attributes the interference to slow speeds and proposes the tendency is the result of the variance of stimuli locations. The present study developed a logarithmic version of the classical model and asserts that the tendency is the result of the Web-Fechner law. These hypotheses were tested in two time discrimination tasks by manipulating the variance of stimuli locations and distance between stimuli. The results demonstrate that estimated time was not modulated by the variance of stimuli locations, and increased as an increase of distance with a tendency of deceleration. The Bayesian model on logarithmic scales made more accurate behavioral predictions than the linear model; the estimated constant speed of the logarithmic Bayesian model was equal to the absolute threshold of speed; the strength of the Kappa effect positively correlated with the variability of time perception. Findings suggest that the interference in the Kappa effect is driven by slow speeds, the strength of the interference is influenced by the variability of time perception, and the tendency of deceleration is the result of the Weber-Fechner law. This Bayesian framework may be useful when applied in the field of time perception and other types of cross-dimensional interferences.

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