scholarly journals Guidelines for practical navigation systems based on wide‐field‐integration of optic flow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Kobayashi ◽  
Mai Bando ◽  
Shinji Hokamoto ◽  
Daisuke Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Navigation Systems

scholarly journals Binocular Contributions to Optic Flow Processing in the Fly Visual System

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 724-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger G. Krapp ◽  
Roland Hengstenberg ◽  
Martin Egelhaaf
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Optic Lobe ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Motion Information ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Response Field

Integrating binocular motion information tunes wide-field direction-selective neurons in the fly optic lobe to respond preferentially to specific optic flow fields. This is shown by measuring the local preferred directions (LPDs) and local motion sensitivities (LMSs) at many positions within the receptive fields of three types of anatomically identifiable lobula plate tangential neurons: the three horizontal system (HS) neurons, the two centrifugal horizontal (CH) neurons, and three heterolateral connecting elements. The latter impart to two of the HS and to both CH neurons a sensitivity to motion from the contralateral visual field. Thus in two HS neurons and both CH neurons, the response field comprises part of the ipsi- and contralateral visual hemispheres. The distributions of LPDs within the binocular response fields of each neuron show marked similarities to the optic flow fields created by particular types of self-movements of the fly. Based on the characteristic distributions of local preferred directions and motion sensitivities within the response fields, the functional role of the respective neurons in the context of behaviorally relevant processing of visual wide-field motion is discussed.

Synthetic Wavelength Holography: Snapshot Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging with High-Resolution and Wide Field of View

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Willomitzer ◽  
Prasanna Rangarajan ◽  
Fengqiang Li ◽  
Muralidhar Balaji ◽  
Marc Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Wide Field Of View ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

Abstract The presence of a scattering medium in the imaging path between an object and an observer is known to severely limit the visual acuity of the imaging system. We present an approach to circumvent the deleterious effects of scattering, by exploiting spectral correlations in scattered wavefronts. Our Synthetic Wavelength Holography (SWH) method is able to recover a holographic representation of hidden targets with high resolution over a wide field of view. The complete object field is recorded in a snapshot-fashion, by monitoring the scattered light return in a small probe area. This unique combination of attributes opens up a plethora of new Non-Line-of-Sight imaging applications ranging from medical imaging and forensics, to early-warning navigation systems and reconnaissance. Adapting the findings of this work to other wave phenomena will help unlock a wider gamut of applications beyond those envisioned in this paper.

Wide-field, motion-sensitive neurons and matched filters for optic flow fields

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias O. Franz ◽  
Holger G. Krapp
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Matched Filters

scholarly journals Erratum to: Implementation of wide-field integration of optic flow for autonomous quadrotor navigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Conroy ◽  
Gregory Gremillion ◽  
Badri Ranganathan ◽  
J. Sean Humbert
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Wide Field

Implementation of wide-field integration of optic flow for autonomous quadrotor navigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Conroy ◽  
Gregory Gremillion ◽  
Badri Ranganathan ◽  
J. Sean Humbert
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Wide Field

scholarly journals Robustness of the Tuning of Fly Visual Interneurons to Rotatory Optic Flow

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1626-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Karmeier ◽  
Holger G. Krapp ◽  
Martin Egelhaaf
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Projection Screen ◽  
Field Organization ◽  
Receptive Field Organization

The sophisticated receptive field organization of motion-sensitive tangential cells in the visual system of the blowfly Calliphora vicina matches the structure of particular optic flow fields. Hypotheses on the tuning of particular tangential cells to rotatory self-motion are based on local motion measurements. So far, tangential cells have never been tested with global optic flow stimuli. Therefore we measured the responses of an identifiable neuron, the V1 tangential cell, to wide-field motion stimuli mimicking optic flow fields similar to those the fly encounters during particular self-motions. The stimuli were generated by a “planetarium-projector,” casting a pattern of moving light dots on a large spherical projection screen. We determined the tuning curves of the V1-cell to optic flow fields as induced by the animal during 1) rotation about horizontally aligned body axes, 2) upward/downward translation, and 3) a combination of both components. We found that the V1-cell does not respond as specifically to self-rotations, as had been concluded from its receptive field organization. The neuron responds strongly to upward translation and its tuning to rotations is much coarser than expected. The discrepancies between the responses to global optic flow and the predictions based on the receptive field organization are likely due to nonlinear integration properties of tangential neurons. Response parameters like orientation, shape, and width of the tuning curve are largely unaffected by changes in rotation velocity or a superposition of rotational and translational optic flow.

scholarly journals Narrowing wide-field optic flow affects treadmill gait in left-sided Parkinson's disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk van der Hoorn ◽  
At L. Hof ◽  
Klaus L. Leenders ◽  
Bauke M. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Wide Field

scholarly journals Object representation and distance encoding in three-dimensional environments by a neural circuit in the visual system of the blowfly

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 3446-3457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Liang ◽  
Jochen Heitwerth ◽  
Roland Kern ◽  
Rafael Kurtz ◽  
Martin Egelhaaf
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Object Motion ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Distance Information

Three motion-sensitive key elements of a neural circuit, presumably involved in processing object and distance information, were analyzed with optic flow sequences as experienced by blowflies in a three-dimensional environment. This optic flow is largely shaped by the blowfly's saccadic flight and gaze strategy, which separates translational flight segments from fast saccadic rotations. By modifying this naturalistic optic flow, all three analyzed neurons could be shown to respond during the intersaccadic intervals not only to nearby objects but also to changes in the distance to background structures. In the presence of strong background motion, the three types of neuron differ in their sensitivity for object motion. Object-induced response increments are largest in FD1, a neuron long known to respond better to moving objects than to spatially extended motion patterns, but weakest in VCH, a neuron that integrates wide-field motion from both eyes and, by inhibiting the FD1 cell, is responsible for its object preference. Small but significant object-induced response increments are present in HS cells, which serve both as a major input neuron of VCH and as output neurons of the visual system. In both HS and FD1, intersaccadic background responses decrease with increasing distance to the animal, although much more prominently in FD1. This strong dependence of FD1 on background distance is concluded to be the consequence of the activity of VCH that dramatically increases its activity and, thus, its inhibitory strength with increasing distance.

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