Understanding task preparation and resumption behaviors in cross‐device search

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-901
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Jing Dong ◽  
Yuan Tang ◽  
Rob Capra
Keyword(s):  
Task Preparation

The art of planning ahead: when do we prepare for the future and when is it effective? (under review)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Huijser ◽  
Niels Anne Taatgen ◽  
Marieke K. van Vugt
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Task Preparation ◽  
Memory Integration ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Consistent Support

Preparing for the future during ongoing activities is an essential skill. Yet, it is currently unclear to what extent we can prepare for the future in parallel with another task. In two experiments, we investigated how characteristics of a present task influenced whether and when participants prepared for the future, as well as its usefulness. We focused on the influence of concurrent working memory load, assuming that working memory would interfere most strongly with preparation. In both experiments, participants performed a novel sequential dual-task paradigm, in which they could voluntary prepare for a second task while performing a first task. We identified task preparation by means of eye tracking, through detecting when participants switched their gaze from the first to the second task. The results showed that participants prepared productively, as evidenced by faster RTs on the second task, with only a small cost to the present task. The probability of preparation and its productiveness decreased with general increases in present task difficulty. In contrast to our prediction, we found some but no consistent support for influence of concurrent working memory load on preparation. Only for concurrent high working memory load (i.e., two items in memory), we observed strong interference with preparation. We conclude that preparation is affected by present task difficulty, potentially due to decreased opportunities for preparation and changes in multitasking strategy. Furthermore, the interference from holding two items may reflect that concurrent preparation is compromised when working memory integration is required by both processes.

scholarly journals The relation of aerobic fitness to neuroelectric indices of cognitive and motor task preparation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Kamijo ◽  
Kevin C. O'leary ◽  
Matthew B. Pontifex ◽  
Jason R. Themanson ◽  
Charles H. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Preparation

The Influence of Attitude on the Acceptance and Use of Information Systems

2010 ◽  
pp. 1506-1534
Author(s):  
Charles J. Kacmar ◽  
Susan S. Fiorito ◽  
Jane M. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Modeling Instruction ◽  
Task Preparation ◽  
Output Quality ◽  
System Use ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
Merchandise Planning

The nomological network of the technology acceptance model is expanded through the addition of affective and task-preparation variables as antecedents to traditional predictors of technology acceptance:output quality, result demonstrability, and ease of use. An empirical study involving a visual/simulation information system, set in the domain of retail merchandise planning, finds that negative affectivity (NA) is a consistent and strong negative antecedent to perceptions of output quality, result demonstrability, and ease of use. In contrast, positive affectivity (PA) is a significant and positive antecedent to ease of use, but not necessarily a significant antecedent to either output quality or result demonstrability. A new construct developed from the job characteristics literature—perceived task preparation—measured the subject’s perceptions of the pre-system usage training, which included task design and modeling instruction, scenarios of activities within the prospective information system, discussions and review of the system documentation, and highly structured, pre-task system use activities. Perceived task preparation was found to be a significant and strong positive indicator of computer self-efficacy.

scholarly journals The effect of performing versus preparing a task on the subsequent switch cost

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Swainson ◽  
Laura Prosser ◽  
Kostadin Karavasilev ◽  
Aleksandra Romanczuk
Keyword(s):  
Task Switching ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Task Preparation ◽  
Switching Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Behaviour occurs not as isolated incidents, but within an ongoing sequence of events. The task-switching paradigm provides a useful way to investigate the impact of different events upon subsequent performance. An implication of two-stage task-switching models is that preparing a task without performing it might affect task readiness only to a limited extent. However, recent research has surprisingly shown larger switch costs following preparation (“cue-only” trials) than following performance (“completed” trials). We set out to conduct a rigorous comparison of the size of switch costs following cue-only versus completed trials. In Experiments 1 and 2, we controlled the timing between critical trial events. This had the effect of roughly equating, but not reversing, the relative size of switch costs. In Experiment 3, we restructured the paradigm to equate the predictability of cue and target events. Switch costs following cue-only trials were now smaller than those following completed trials. These studies confirm that task preparation alone is sufficient to drive subsequent switch costs. They also indicate that task performance might increase the size of these costs, consistent with two-stage task-switching models. Switch costs appear to be affected by both the timing and predictability of trial events.

On separating processes of event categorization, task preparation, and mental rotation proper in a handedness recognition task

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASMIN BAJRIČ ◽  
FRANK RÖSLER ◽  
MARTIN HEIL ◽  
ERWIN HENNIGHAUSEN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Task Preparation
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