scholarly journals Epidemiology of scleritis in the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2018: Population‐based analysis of 11 million patients and association between scleritis and infectious and immune‐mediated inflammatory disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasanee Braithwaite ◽  
Nicola J Adderley ◽  
Anuradhaa Subramanian ◽  
James Galloway ◽  
John H Kempen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Immune Mediated

scholarly journals Risk and Prevention of Meningococcal Disease among Education Workers: A Review

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe De Wals ◽  
Pierre Deshaies ◽  
Gaston De Serres ◽  
Bernard Duval ◽  
Lise Goulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Societal Benefit ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Cost

The aims of the present study were to review the risk of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) among education workers, particularly pregnant women, and to evaluate preventive measures, in a context of endemicity, outbreak or epidemic as observed in the province of Quebec. The literature was reviewed and persons in charge of IMD surveillance in France, Quebec, the United Kingdom and the United States were interviewed. Surveys of asymptomatic carriage ofNeisseria meningitidisshow that transmission among students is higher than transmission between students and teachers. IMD incidence among education workers was analyzed in Cheshire (United Kingdom) in the period from 1997 to 1999, and the results indicated a risk six times higher than that in the general population. Overestimation of the magnitude of the risk is possible because the analysis focused on a cluster. None of the population-based studies of IMD mentioned a risk of secondary cases among education workers. Six IMD cases in education workers were identified in five clusters in schools in the United Kingdom, but not in the other countries. There is no epidemiological study on IMD risk among pregnant women, and this factor was not mentioned in any published review of IMD. Immunization of education workers at the beginning of their employment, using serogroup C glycoconjugate vaccine or a combined A, C, W-135, and Y conjugate vaccine (still under development), could reduce IMD risk, but the cost effectiveness of this measure should be evaluated. The societal benefit of excluding pregnant women from the work place during an outbreak seems to be very low, even if disease risk could be decreased for this specific group. When chemoprophylaxis is indicated for the control of an outbreak in an educational setting, treatment should be offered both to students and teachers in the group at risk.

scholarly journals Lansoprazole use and tuberculosis incidence in the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink: A population based cohort

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e1002457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom A. Yates ◽  
Laurie A. Tomlinson ◽  
Krishnan Bhaskaran ◽  
Sinead Langan ◽  
Sara Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Tuberculosis Incidence ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals Trends in Stroke Incidence in High-Income Countries in the 21st Century

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linxin Li ◽  
Catherine A. Scott ◽  
Peter M. Rothwell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Income ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Incidence Studies

Background and Purpose— Population-based studies provide the most reliable data on stroke incidence. A previous systematic review of population-based studies suggested that stroke incidence in high-income countries decreased by 42% between the 1970s and early 2000s. However, it is uncertain whether this trend of steady decline has been maintained in more recent periods. Methods— Data from OCSP (Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; 1981–1986) and OXVASC (Oxford Vascular Study; 2002–2017) along with other published population-based stroke incidence studies that reported temporal trends of stroke incidence since 1990 in high-income countries were included. Age-standardized relative incidence rate ratios were calculated for each study and then pooled with inverse-variance weighted random-effects meta-analysis. Projection estimates were calculated for the number of incident stroke patients in the United Kingdom from year 2015 to 2045. Results— In Oxfordshire, stroke incidence fell by 32% from OCSP to OXVASC, with a similar trend before or after year 2000. With the projected aging population, if the age-specific stroke incidence continued to decrease at its current rate (6% every 5 years), there would still be a 13% increase of the number of first-ever strokes in the United Kingdom up to year 2045. Incorporating the Oxfordshire data with other 12 population-based studies, stroke incidence declined steadily between the 1990s and 2010s within each study, resulting in a 28% decline over an average period of 16.5 years (pooled incidence rate ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66–0.79]; P <0.0001). The trend was the same for men (0.69 [95% CI, 0.61–0.77]; P <0.0001) and women (0.66 [95% CI, 0.59–0.74]; P <0.0001) and remained consistent after year 2010 in OXVASC. Proportion of disabling or fatal stroke also decreased over time (early versus later period, 53.6% versus 46.1%; P =0.02). Conclusions— Stroke incidence is continuing to decline with steady rate in Oxfordshire and in other high-income settings. However, the absolute number of strokes occurring is not falling.

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