scholarly journals Low molecular weight isoforms of the aggrecanases are responsible for the cytokine-induced proteolysis of aggrecan in a porcine chondrocyte culture system

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 3010-3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Powell ◽  
Christopher B. Little ◽  
Clare E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Chondrocyte Culture

Differential effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparin on osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Osip ◽  
Martin Butcher ◽  
Edward Young ◽  
Lufang Yang ◽  
Stephen Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Culture System ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Stromal Cell Culture

SummaryWe have previously demonstrated that heparin produces cancellous bone loss in rats due in part to a decrease in the number of osteoblasts lining the trabecular bone surface. In the present study, we use a stromal-derived cell culture system together with measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, to compare the effects of heparin and the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), Fragmin, on osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In addition, we examined the possibility that both heparin and LMWH can induce adipogenesis in our stromal cell culture system. Both heparin and LMWH were found to produce a statistically significant (P <0.01) and concentration-dependent decrease in the number of osteoblasts while increasing the number of adipocytes. When the effects of gravimetrically equivalent amounts of heparin and LMWH were compared, heparin had a 4-fold greater effect than LMWH. In contrast to heparin, N-desulfated heparin was found to have minimal effects on both osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation indicating that the heparin effect is not only chain-length dependent but also charge-dependent. The observation that LMWH has less of an effect on bone formation than heparin is compatible with the results of clinical trials indicating that LMWH produces less bone loss after long-term administration.

A high-performance oil-free backing pump for electron microscopes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
G.K.W. Balkau ◽  
E. Bez ◽  
J.L. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rotary Pumps ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The earliest account of the contamination of electron microscope specimens by the deposition of carbonaceous material during electron irradiation was published in 1947 by Watson who was then working in Canada. It was soon established that this carbonaceous material is formed from organic vapours, and it is now recognized that the principal source is the oil-sealed rotary pumps which provide the backing vacuum. It has been shown that the organic vapours consist of low molecular weight fragments of oil molecules which have been degraded at hot spots produced by friction between the vanes and the surfaces on which they slide. As satisfactory oil-free pumps are unavailable, it is standard electron microscope practice to reduce the partial pressure of organic vapours in the microscope in the vicinity of the specimen by using liquid-nitrogen cooled anti-contamination devices. Traps of this type are sufficient to reduce the contamination rate to about 0.1 Å per min, which is tolerable for many investigations.

Low-molecular-weight heparin in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R Hermes De Santis ◽  
Betsy S Laumeister ◽  
Vidhu Bansal ◽  
Vandana Kataria ◽  
Preeti Loomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Venous thromboembolism in a general hospital. An update with low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis

VASA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Schulz ◽  
Kesselring ◽  
Seeberger ◽  
Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Event Rates

Background: Patients admitted to hospital for surgery or acute medical illnesses have a high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Today’s widespread use of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) for VTE prophylaxis is supposed to have reduced VTE rates substantially. However, data concerning the overall effectiveness of LMWH prophylaxis is sparse. Patients and methods: We prospectively studied all patients with symptomatic and objectively confirmed VTE seen in our hospital over a three year period. Event rates in different wards were analysed and compared. VTE prophylaxis with Enoxaparin was given to all patients at risk during their hospital stay. Results: A total of 50 464 inpatients were treated during the study period. 461 examinations were carried out for symptoms suggestive of VTE and yielded 89 positive results in 85 patients. Seventy eight patients were found to have deep vein thrombosis, 7 had pulmonary embolism, and 4 had both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The overall in hospital VTE event rate was 0.17%. The rate decreased during the study period from 0.22 in year one to 0,16 in year two and 0.13 % in year three. It ranged highest in neurologic and trauma patients (0.32%) and lowest (0.08%) in gynecology-obstetrics. Conclusions: With a simple and strictly applied regimen of prophylaxis with LMWH the overall rate of symptomatic VTE was very low in our hospitalized patients. Beside LMWH prophylaxis, shortening hospital stays and substantial improvements in surgical and anasthesia techniques achieved during the last decades probably play an essential role in decreasing VTE rates.

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