Benzoylphenyl ureas inhibit chitin synthesis without interfering with amino sugar uptake in imaginal wing discs ofPlodia interpunctella(Hübner)

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Oberlander ◽  
Donald L. Silhacek ◽  
Eddie Leach ◽  
Isaac Ishaaya ◽  
Eli Shaaya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Benzoylphenyl Ureas ◽  
Wing Discs

scholarly journals The Antifungal Effects of Citral on Magnaporthe oryzae Occur via Modulation of Chitin Content as Revealed by RNA-Seq Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Xingchen Song ◽  
Qijun Zhao ◽  
Aiai Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Wen ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Nucleotide Sugar ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Glucose Synthesis

The natural product citral has previously been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae. The purpose of this study was to screen and annotate genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) in M. oryzae after treatment with citral using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Thereafter, samples were reprepared for quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis verification of RNA-seq data. The results showed that 649 DEGs in M. oryzae were significantly affected after treatment with citral (100 μg/mL) for 24 h. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and a gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolic pathways, including the chitin synthesis pathway and UDP sugar synthesis pathway. The results of the RT-qPCR analysis also showed that the chitin present in M. oryzae might be degraded to chitosan, chitobiose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and β-D-fructose-6-phosphate following treatment with citral. Chitin degradation was indicated by damaged cell-wall integrity. Moreover, the UDP glucose synthesis pathway was involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, providing precursors for the synthesis of polysaccharides. Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which is involved in the regulation of UDP-α-D-galactose and α-D-galactose-1-phosphate, was downregulated. This would result in the inhibition of UDP glucose (UDP-Glc) synthesis, a reduction in cell-wall glucan content, and the destruction of cell-wall integrity.

scholarly journals Active transport of charged substrates by a proton/sugar co-transport system. Amino-sugar uptake in the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis

1981 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Niemietz ◽  
R Hauer ◽  
M Höfer
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Protonated Form ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Deprotonated Form ◽  
Half Saturation Constant ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Rhodotorula Gracilis

1. In the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis several amino sugars were actively transported. Glucosamine, which is largely protonated at physiological pH (pK 7.75) was used as a model substrate. At pH 6.75 its half-saturation constant was 1 mM and the maximal velocity was 50 nmol/min per mg dry wt. 2. Amino sugars were taken up via the monosaccharide carrier. The transport of glucosamine was strongly restricted by monosaccharides. D-Xylose inhibited competitively the uptake of glucosamine. The inhibition constant was 1 mM. Cells preloaded with D-xylose showed exchange transport on subsequent addition of glucosamine. 3. Transport of glucosamine was energized by the membrane potential. Uncoupling agents such as carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone and the lipophilic cation TPP+ (tetraphenylphosphonium ion) at concentrations that depolarized the membrane potential inhibited the uptake of glucosamine. Conversely the transport of glucosamine partly dissipated the membrane potential, which was monitored by radioactively labelled lipophilic cations. 4. The translocated charges were electrically compensated by the extrusion of protons and K+ (1 glucosamine molecule/0.85 H+ + 0.15 K+). 5. An increase of the pH in the range 4.75-8.75 lead to a decrease of the half-saturation constant from 5 mM to 1 mM and to an optimum of the maximal velocity at pH 6.75. We suggest that this fair constancy is due to the carrier not distinguishing between the protonated form of glucosamine (pH less than 7.75) and the deprotonated form (pH greater than 7.75). The increase of V(T) (maximal transport velocity) between pH 4.75 and 6.75 is due to the increase of the membrane potential: the decrease between pH 6.75 and 8.75 is due to the deprotonization of the carrier.

Quantitative EM of gap junction distribution in mutant drosophila wing discs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 720-721
Author(s):  
J.S. Ryerse
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Metabolic Cooperation ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Adult Wing ◽  
Wing Discs ◽  
Wing Pouch

Gap junctions are intercellular junctions found in both vertebrates and invertebrates through which ions and small molecules can pass. Their distribution in tissues could be of critical importance for ionic coupling or metabolic cooperation between cells or for regulating the intracellular movement of growth control and pattern formation factors. Studies of the distribution of gap junctions in mutants which develop abnormally may shed light upon their role in normal development. I report here the distribution of gap junctions in the wing pouch of 3 Drosophila wing disc mutants, vg (vestigial) a cell death mutant, 1(2)gd (lethal giant disc) a pattern abnormality mutant and 1(2)gl (lethal giant larva) a neoplastic mutant and compare these with wildtype wing discs.The wing pouch (the anlagen of the adult wing blade) of a wild-type wing disc is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of columnar cells (Fig. 5) joined by gap junctions (Fig. 6). 14000x EMs of conventionally processed, UA en bloc stained, longitudinally sectioned wing pouches were enlarged to 45000x with a projector and tracings were made on which the lateral plasma membrane (LPM) and gap junctions were marked.

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Cationic Amino Sugar Surfactants

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Priya S. Singh ◽  
Aizaz Shaikh ◽  
Aditi Deshmukh ◽  
Amit P. Pratap
Keyword(s):  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Assisted
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