Cky811 protein expressed by polydnavirus and venom gland of Cotesia kariyai regulates the host Mythimna separata larvae immune response function of C‐type lectin responsible for foreign substance recognition which suppresses its melanization and encapsulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Sawa ◽  
Toshiharu Tanaka ◽  
Yoshiaki Kato ◽  
Yutaka Nakamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Venom Gland ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Foreign Substance ◽  
Cotesia Kariyai

Plant Phenolics and Lectins as Vaccine Adjuvants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1236-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernández-Ramos Reyna-Margarita ◽  
Castillo-Maldonado Irais ◽  
Rivera-Guillén Mario-Alberto ◽  
Ramírez-Moreno Agustina ◽  
Serrano-Gallardo Luis-Benjamín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Foreign Substance

Background: The immune system is responsible for providing protection to the body against foreign substances. The immune system divides into two types of immune responses to study its mechanisms of protection: 1) Innate and 2) Adaptive. The innate immune response represents the first protective barrier of the organism that also works as a regulator of the adaptive immune response, if evaded the mechanisms of the innate immune response by the foreign substance the adaptive immune response takes action with the consequent antigen neutralization or elimination. The adaptive immune response objective is developing a specific humoral response that consists in the production of soluble proteins known as antibodies capable of specifically recognizing the foreign agent; such protective mechanism is induced artificially through an immunization or vaccination. Unfortunately, the immunogenicity of the antigens is an intrinsic characteristic of the same antigen dependent on several factors. Conclusion: Vaccine adjuvants are chemical substances of very varied structure that seek to improve the immunogenicity of antigens. The main four types of adjuvants under investigation are the following: 1) Oil emulsions with an antigen in solution, 2) Pattern recognition receptors activating molecules, 3) Inflammatory stimulatory molecules or activators of the inflammasome complex, and 4) Cytokines. However, this paper addresses the biological plausibility of two phytochemical compounds as vaccine adjuvants: 5) Lectins, and 6) Plant phenolics whose characteristics, mechanisms of action and disadvantages are addressed. Finally, the immunological usefulness of these molecules is discussed through immunological data to estimate effects of plant phenolics and lectins as vaccine adjuvants, and current studies that have implanted these molecules as vaccine adjuvants, demonstrating the results of this immunization.

Somatic mutations and proteins

1966 ◽  
Vol 164 (995) ◽  
pp. 320-327
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Foreign Substance ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Genetic Endowment ◽  
Antibody Structure

A large body of data has now been accumulated concerning the ways in which heritable mutations can affect protein structure. Such mutations are usually presumed to arise in the germ line, and are studied by progeny analyses of various types. Today, I would like to consider how somatic mutations might be genetically predisposed and thereby made available to an organism during its adaptation to environmental hazards or during its development. The highly specialized immune system of higher animals can profitably be discussed from this viewpoint, and I shall describe a possible molecular mechanism (Smithies 1965) for implementing the immune response, and then consider very briefly its relevance to other adaptive and developmental processes. The immune response The essential questions which are posed by the immune system can be stated simply: (i) How can many different antibodies be specified by an initially fixed genetic endowment? (ii) How can selection be made against anti-self antibodies and for anti-foreign antibodies? (iii) How can an antigen instruct the organism to respond more effectively to repeated encounters with the same foreign substance? (i) Antibody variability could be the consequence of the organism having a relatively large number of related but not identical genes in the initial zygote from which to select combinations forming useful antibodies. This possibility is un­attractive for reasons of economy, and such a system would probably be genetic­ally unstable. I have consequently preferred to explore one of many alternative possibilities, namely that there are a limited number of genetic loci determining antibody structure which have evolved so that they can provide many different proteins as a result of genetically predisposed somatic mutations.

Humoral and cellular immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of Microsporum canis in experimentally infected guinea pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Mignon ◽  
T. Leclipteux ◽  
CH. Focant ◽  
A. J. Nikkels ◽  
G. E. PIErard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract #418: Effect of Testosterone (T) Replacement with a T-Gel or a New Oral T Formulation (Rextoro) on Selected Biomarkers of Endothelial Injury and Immune Response to Lipids

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Merrell Magelli ◽  
Ronald Swerdloff ◽  
John Amory ◽  
Gregory Flippo ◽  
Wael Salameh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Endothelial Injury

Author response for "Diabetes alters immune response patterns to acute melioidosis in humans"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kronsteiner ◽  
Panjaporn Chaichana ◽  
Manutsanun Sumonwiriya ◽  
Kemajitra Jenjaroen ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Response Patterns
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document