The entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi impairs cellular immunity of its host Helicoverpa armigera

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. e21402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhong ◽  
Zhan-Chi Liu ◽  
Jia-Lin Wang ◽  
Xu-Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Nomuraea Rileyi ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Native Entomopathogenic Fungus Nomuraea rileyi Against Spodoptera litura

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh S. Padanad ◽  
P. U. Krishnaraj
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Nomuraea Rileyi ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Geographical Locations

The entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi was isolated from Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera insect cadavers collected from different sampling sites. Pathogenicity of ten N. rileyi isolates against Spodoptera litura was studied by exposing third instars to topical application of a spore concentration of 108 conidia/ml. All ten isolates of N rileyi were active against third instars of S. litura, resulting in 85 to 97% mortality. However, there were statistically no significant differences among the isolates with respect to the pathogenicity levels. Median lethal time (LT50) values of N. rileyi isolates against third instars of S. litura ranged from 5.5 to 6.6 days, which were not statistically different. This strongly suggests that the isolates from different geographical locations are equally pathogenic against S. litura. Accepted for publication 29 June 2009. Published 7 August 2009.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Nomuraea rileyi (FARLOW) SAMSON DAN PATOGENISITASNYA PADA Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER DAN Spodoptera litura F.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
NURUL HIDAYAH ◽  
I.G.A.A. INDRAYANI
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Nomuraea Rileyi ◽  
Conidia Production ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Nomuraea rileyi adalah salah satu jamur entomopatogen yangpotensial mengendalikan hama Helicoverpa armigera dan Spodopteralitura pada tanaman kapas, tembakau, dan jarak kepyar. Di lapanganpernah ditemukan larva hama H. armigera dan S. litura yang terinfeksisecara alami oleh N. rileyi yang mengindikasikan bahwa N. rileyiberpotensi sebagai agens hayati. Sebelum N. rileyi dikembangkan sebagaiagens hayati, maka perlu diketahui metode perbanyakannya pada mediabuatan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi media tumbuhyang sesuai untuk perbanyakan N. rileyi dan pengujian patogenisitasnyaterhadap H. armigera dan S. litura. Penelitian dilakukan di LaboratoriumFitopatologi dan Laboratorium Patogen Serangga Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang mulai bulan Mei sampai denganNovember 2009. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 pengujian, yaitu pengujiankarakter biologi N. rileyi dan patogenisitas pada ulat H. armigera dan S.litura. Dalam pengujian karakter biologi jamur diuji 4 macam mediaperbanyakan, yaitu: (1) Sabouraud maltose agar + ekstrak yeast (SMAY),(2) Sabouraud maltose agar + ekstrak yeast + ekstrak beras (SMAYB), (3)Sabouraud maltose agar + ekstrak yeast + ekstrak kentang (SMAYK), dan(4) Media lengkap untuk N. rileyi (MLNr), serta 2 tingkat suhu inkubasi,yaitu 23±1 dan 27±1ºC. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap(RAL) dengan lima kali ulangan. Setiap media disiapkan di dalam 10cawan petri per perlakuan dan masing-masing diinokulasi dengan 10 5konidia/ml. Parameter yang diamati adalah laju pertumbuhan jamur danproduksi konidia. Sedangkan dalam pengujian patogenisitas konidia N.rileyi terhadap larva H. armigera dan S. litura dilakukan dengan metodepelumuran (painting), yaitu ulat diletakkan di atas konidia di dalam cawanpetri selama ± 10 detik kemudian dipindahkan ke vial-vial plastikberdiameter 2,5 cm berisi pakan daun kapas muda (± 1 cm 2 ) untuk H.armigera dan daun jarak kepyar untuk S. litura. Apabila pakan daun telahhabis, serangga diberi pakan buatan berbahan dasar tepung kedelai. Pakanbuatan diganti setiap 2 hari sampai ulat menjadi pupa. Selanjutnya ulatyang telah diperlakukan dengan jamur diinkubasi-kan pada suhu ruang(27°-29°C) selama ± 14 hari dan diamati perkembangan ulat maupunjamurnya setiap hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas ulat H.armigera dan S. litura serta gejala mikosis pada ulat terinfeksi. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu inkubasi berpengaruh terhadap lajupertumbuhan N. rileyi. Pada suhu 23±1ºC N. rileyi tumbuh lebih cepat(7,42-8,23 mm/hari) pada semua komposisi media yang diuji (SMAY,SMAYK, SMAYB, dan MLNr) dibanding pada suhu 27±1ºC (0,99-1,26mm/hari). Produksi konidia N. rileyi lebih banyak pada suhu 27±1ºCdibanding pada 23 ± 1ºC, yaitu berturut-turut 24,7 x 10 8 konidia/ml dan17,9 x 10 8 konidia/ml masing-masing pada media SMAYK dan MLNr.Perbedaan komposisi media tumbuh tidak menyebabkan penurunanpatogenisitas pada konidia N. rileyi sebab mortalitas ulat H. armigeramaupun S. litura masing-masing mencapai 100%. Hasil penelitianmengindikasikan bahwa N. rileyi mudah diperbanyak secara massal padamedium agar dan virulensinya baik pada H. armigera dan S. litura.</p><p>Kata kunci : Nomuraea rileyi, epizootik, Helicoverpa armigera,Spodoptera litura, konidia, patogenisitas, mortalitas</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Effect of medium composition on growth of entomo-pathogenic fungi Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson andits pathogenicity against Helicoverpa armigera andSpodoptera litura</p><p>N. rileyi is one of potential entomopathogenic fungi to controlcotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, tobacco and Rhicinus caterpilar,Spodoptera litura. These fungi naturally infect those insect pests indicatingtheir potential to be used as natural control agent. Techniques of in vitroproduction of these fungi need to be developed to find out their potentialagainst the insect target. Study on effect of medium composition ongrowth of entomopathogenic fungi N. rileyi and its pathogenicity againstH. armigera and S. litura was carried out at Phytopathology and InsectPathology Laboratories of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI) from May to November 2009. The objective of thestudy was to find out the suitable composition of medium for N. rileyi andits pathogenicity against H. armigera and S. litura. The study consisted oftwo tests. The first test was testing for biological characters, namely invitro growth rate and conidia production of N. rileyi on four differentcompositions of medium as followed: (1) Sabouraud maltose agar + yeastextract (SMAY), (2) Sabouraud maltose agar + yeast extract + rice extract(SMAYR), (3) Sabouraud maltose agar + yeast extract + potato extract(SMAYP), and (4) Completed medium for N. rileyi (MLNr). Alltreatments were designed in randomized complete design (RCD) with fivereplicates. Parameters observed were the growth rate of N. rileyi andconidia production. The second was testing on pathogenicity of N. rileyiproduced from all medium tested against H. armigera and S. litura larvae.Result showed that incubation temperature influenced the growth rate offungi. N. rileyi grew faster at 23±1ºC (7.42-8.23 mm/day) than that at27±1ºC (0.99-1.26 mm/day) on all media tested. Conidia production washigher at 27±1ºC than at 23±1ºC. Both SMAYP and MLNr were the bestmedia for producing N. rileyi conidia, which were 24.7 and 17.9 x 10 8conidia/ml, respectively. Pathogenicity of N. rileyi against H. armigeraand S. litura was not affected by composition of medium tested becausethe larval mortality of both insect pests was 100%. This study indicatedthat N. rileyi can be easily produced massively on agar media and it isvirulent against H. armigera and S. litura.</p><p>Key words : Nomuraea rileyi, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura,conidia, in vitro, pathogenicity, mortality, epizootic</p>

Steroid hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone promotes CTL1‐mediated cellular immunity in Helicoverpa armigera

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui‐Jie Wang ◽  
Wen‐Wen Wang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Lian‐Qin Chai ◽  
Guo‐Xiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis-Transgenic Chickpeas and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in Controlling Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (14) ◽  
pp. 4381-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Lawo ◽  
R. J. Mahon ◽  
R. J. Milner ◽  
B. K. Sarmah ◽  
T. J. V. Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Cry Proteins ◽  
Bt Crops ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

ABSTRACT The use of genetically modified (Bt) crops expressing lepidopteran-specific Cry proteins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is an effective method to control the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera. As H. armigera potentially develops resistance to Cry proteins, Bt crops should be regarded as one tool in integrated pest management. Therefore, they should be compatible with biological control. Bioassays were conducted to understand the interactions between a Cry2Aa-expressing chickpea line, either a susceptible or a Cry2A-resistant H. armigera strain, and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. In a first concentration-response assay, Cry2A-resistant larvae were more tolerant of M. anisopliae than susceptible larvae, while in a second bioassay, the fungus caused similar mortalities in the two strains fed control chickpea leaves. Thus, resistance to Cry2A did not cause any fitness costs that became visible as increased susceptibility to the fungus. On Bt chickpea leaves, susceptible H. armigera larvae were more sensitive to M. anisopliae than on control leaves. It appeared that sublethal damage induced by the B. thuringiensis toxin enhanced the effectiveness of M. anisopliae. For Cry2A-resistant larvae, the mortalities caused by the fungus were similar when they were fed either food source. To examine which strain would be more likely to be exposed to the fungus, their movements on control and Bt chickpea plants were compared. Movement did not appear to differ among larvae on Bt or conventional chickpeas, as indicated by the number of leaflets damaged per leaf. The findings suggest that Bt chickpeas and M. anisopliae are compatible to control H. armigera.

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