IN VITRO ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF AN ALKALINE TRYPSIN FROM THE DIGESTIVE JUICE OF Bombyx mori LARVAE AGAINST NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangayam M. Ponnuvel ◽  
Krishnappa Nithya ◽  
Sasibhushan Sirigineedi ◽  
Arvind K. Awasthi ◽  
Minoru Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Digestive Juice

scholarly journals A Lipase Isolated from the Silkworm Bombyx mori Shows Antiviral Activity against Nucleopolyhedrovirus

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (19) ◽  
pp. 10725-10729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangayam M. Ponnuvel ◽  
Hiroshi Nakazawa ◽  
Seiichi Furukawa ◽  
Ai Asaoka ◽  
Jun Ishibashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Strong Antiviral Activity ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

ABSTRACT A protein showing strong antiviral activity against Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) was purified from the digestive juice of B. mori larvae. A homology search of the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein cDNA revealed 56% homology with Drosophila melanogaster lipase and 21% homology with human lipase. As lipase activity of the protein was confirmed in vitro, this protein was designated Bmlipase-1. Northern blot analysis showed that the Bmlipase-1 gene is expressed in the midgut but not in other tissues, nor is it activated by BmNPV infection. In addition, the Bmlipase-1 gene was shown not to be expressed in the molting and wandering stages, indicating that the gene is hormonally regulated. Our results suggest that an insect digestive enzyme has potential as a physiological barrier against BmNPV at the initial site of viral infection.

scholarly journals A Novel Digestive Proteinase Lipase Member H-A in Bombyx mori Contributes to Digestive Juice Antiviral Activity against B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Zhi Zhang ◽  
Lin-Bao Zhu ◽  
Ling-Ling You ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Hui-Hua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Bmn Cells

Previous studies have revealed that some proteins in Bombyx mori larvae digestive juice show antiviral activity. Here, based on the label-free proteomics data, BmLipase member H-A (BmLHA) was identified as being involved in the response to BmNPV infection in B. mori larvae digestive juice. In the present study, a gene encoding the BmLHA protein in B. mori was characterized. The protein has an open reading fragment of 999 bp, encoding a predicted 332 amino acid residue-protein with a molecular weight of approximately 35.9 kDa. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that BmLHA shares a close genetic distance with Papilio xuthus Lipase member H-A. BmLHA was highly expressed in the middle part of the B. mori gut, and the expression level increased with instar rising in larvae. There was higher expression of BmLHA in A35 than in P50 strains, and it was upregulated in both A35 and P50 strains, following BmNPV infection. The expression level of VP39 decreased significantly in appropriate recombinant-BmLHA-treated groups compared with the PBS-treated group in B. mori larvae and BmN cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of BmLHA significantly reduced the infectivity of BmNPV in BmN cells. These results indicated that BmLHA did not have digestive function but had anti-BmNPV activity. Taken together, our work provides valuable data for the clarification of the molecular characterization BmLHA and supplements research on proteins of anti-BmNPV activity in B. mori.

scholarly journals Antiviral activity of a serine protease from the digestive juice of Bombyx mori larvae against nucleopolyhedrovirus

Virology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 321 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nakazawa ◽  
Eiko Tsuneishi ◽  
Kangayam M Ponnuvel ◽  
Seiichi Furukawa ◽  
Ai Asaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Digestive Juice

In Vitro Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Some Mushrooms from Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Hüseyin Doğan ◽  
Sami Karagöz ◽  
Rüstem Duman
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation

Preliminary Anti-Coxsackie Activity of Novel 1-[4-(5,6-dimethyl(H)- 1H(2H)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl]-3-alkyl(aryl)ureas

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Piras ◽  
Paola Corona ◽  
Roberta Ibba ◽  
Federico Riu ◽  
Gabriele Murineddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Alkyl Aryl ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Coxsackievirus B ◽  
Selective Activity

Background: Coxsackievirus infections are associated with cases of aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and some chronic disease. Methods: A series of benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1(2)-yl derivatives (here named benzotriazol-1(2)-yl) (4a-i, 5a-h, 6a-e, g, i, j and 7a-f, h-j) were designed, synthesized and in vitro evaluated for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against two important human enteroviruses (HEVs) members of the Picornaviridae family [Coxsackievirus B 5 (CVB-5) and Poliovirus 1 (Sb-1)]. Results: Compounds 4c (CC50 >100 μM; EC50 = 9 μM), 5g (CC50 >100 μM; EC50 = 8 μM), and 6a (CC50 >100 μM; EC50 = 10 μM) were found active against CVB-5. With the aim of evaluating the selectivity of action of this class of compounds, a wide spectrum of RNA (positive- and negativesense), double-stranded (dsRNA) or DNA viruses were also assayed. For none of them, significant antiviral activity was determined. Conclusion: These results point towards a selective activity against CVB-5, an important human pathogen that causes both acute and chronic diseases in infants, young children, and immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals Development of a Mucus Gland Bioreactor in Loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Tong Zhou ◽  
Bolan Zhou ◽  
Yasong Zhao ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Guili Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Paramisgurnus Dabryanus ◽  
Expression Activity ◽  
Transgenic Construct ◽  
Mucus Gland

Most currently available bioreactors have some defects in the expression, activity, or purification of target protein and peptide molecules, whereas the mucus gland of fish can overcome these defects to become a novel bioreactor for the biopharmaceutical industry. In this study, we have evaluated the practicability of developing a mucus gland bioreactor in loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus). A transgenic construct pT2-krt8-IFN1 was obtained by subcloning the promoter of zebrafish keratin 8 gene and the type I interferon (IFN1) cDNA of grass carp into the SB transposon. The IFN1 expressed in CIK cells exhibited an antiviral activity against the replication of GCRV873 and activated two genes downstream of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. A transgenic loach line was then generated by microinjection of the pT2-krt8-IFN1 plasmids and in vitro synthesized capped SB11 mRNA. Southern blots indicated that a single copy of IFN1 gene was stably integrated into the genome of transgenic loach. The expression of grass carp IFN1 in transgenic loaches was detected with RT-PCR and Western blots. About 0.0825 µg of grass carp IFN1 was detected in 20 µL mucus from transgenic loaches. At a viral titer of 1 × 103 PFU/mL, plaque numbers on plates containing mucus from transgenic loaches reduced by 18% in comparison with those of the control, indicating that mucus of IFN1-transgenic loaches exhibited an antiviral activity. Thus, we have successfully created a mucus gland bioreactor that has great potential for the production of various proteins and peptides.

scholarly journals Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine Derivatives Inhibit ZIKV Replication in Cervical Cells

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Audrien Alves Andrade de Souza ◽  
Lauana Ribas Torres ◽  
Lyana Rodrigues Pinto Lima Capobianco ◽  
Vanessa Salete de Paula ◽  
Cynthia Machado Cascabulho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Zika Fever

Despite the severe morbidity caused by Zika fever, its specific treatment is still a challenge for public health. Several research groups have investigated the drug repurposing of chloroquine. However, the highly toxic side effect induced by chloroquine paves the way for the improvement of this drug for use in Zika fever clinics. Our aim is to evaluate the anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) effect of hybrid compounds derived from chloroquine and sulfadoxine antimalarial drugs. The antiviral activity of hybrid compounds (C-Sd1 to C-Sd7) was assessed in an in-vitro model of human cervical and Vero cell lines infected with a Brazilian (BR) ZIKV strain. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect on cultures treated with up to 200 µM of C-Sds and observed CC50 values that ranged from 112.0 ± 1.8 to >200 µM in cervical cells and 43.2 ± 0.4 to 143.0 ± 1.3 µM in Vero cells. Then, the cultures were ZIKV-infected and treated with up to 25 µM of C-Sds for 48 h. The treatment of cervical cells with C-Sds at 12 µM induced a reduction of 79.8% ± 4.2% to 90.7% ± 1.5% of ZIKV–envelope glycoprotein expression in infected cells as compared to 36.8% ± 2.9% of infection in vehicle control. The viral load was also investigated and revealed a reduction of 2- to 3-logs of ZIKV genome copies/mL in culture supernatants compared to 6.7 ± 0.7 × 108 copies/mL in vehicle control. The dose–response curve by plaque-forming reduction (PFR) in cervical cells revealed a potent dose-dependent activity of C-Sds in inhibiting ZIKV replication, with PFR above 50% and 90% at 6 and 12 µM, respectively, while 25 µM inhibited 100% of viral progeny. The treatment of Vero cells at 12 µM led to 100% PFR, confirming the C-Sds activity in another cell type. Regarding effective concentration in cervical cells, the EC50 values ranged from 3.2 ± 0.1 to 5.0 ± 0.2 µM, and the EC90 values ranged from 7.2 ± 0.1 to 11.6 ± 0.1 µM, with selectivity index above 40 for most C-Sds, showing a good therapeutic window. Here, our aim is to investigate the anti-ZIKV activity of new hybrid compounds that show highly potent efficacy as inhibitors of ZIKV in-vitro infection. However, further studies will be needed to investigate whether these new chemical structures can lead to the improvement of chloroquine antiviral activity.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of the G-Quadruplex Ligand TMPyP4 against Herpes Simplex Virus-1

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Sara Artusi ◽  
Emanuela Ruggiero ◽  
Matteo Nadai ◽  
Beatrice Tosoni ◽  
Rosalba Perrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) genome is extremely rich in guanine tracts that fold into G-quadruplexes (G4s), nucleic acid secondary structures implicated in key biological functions. Viral G4s were visualized in HSV-1 infected cells, with massive virus cycle-dependent G4-formation peaking during viral DNA replication. Small molecules that specifically interact with G4s have been shown to inhibit HSV-1 DNA replication. We here investigated the antiviral activity of TMPyP4, a porphyrin known to interact with G4s. The analogue TMPyP2, with lower G4 affinity, was used as control. We showed by biophysical analysis that TMPyP4 interacts with HSV-1 G4s, and inhibits polymerase progression in vitro; in infected cells, it displayed good antiviral activity which, however, was independent of inhibition of virus DNA replication or entry. At low TMPyP4 concentration, the virus released by the cells was almost null, while inside the cell virus amounts were at control levels. TEM analysis showed that virus particles were trapped inside cytoplasmatic vesicles, which could not be ascribed to autophagy, as proven by RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Our data indicate a unique mechanism of action of TMPyP4 against HSV-1, and suggest the unprecedented involvement of currently unknown G4s in viral or antiviral cellular defense pathways.

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