Hemipenial morphology of nine South American species of Mabuya (Scincidae: Lygosominae) with comments on the morphology of the family

2019 ◽  
Vol 303 (11) ◽  
pp. 2917-2930
Author(s):  
Paola María Sánchez‐Martínez ◽  
Martha Patricia Ramírez‐Pinilla ◽  
Elson Meneses‐Pelayo ◽  
Pedro M. Sales Nunes
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family

The Homoptera types described by John Scott in the family Delphacidae (Hemiptera)

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Wilson ◽  
M.D. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Type Material ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe work of the British hemipterist John Scott (1823 - 1888) is outlined with particular reference to the Delphacidae (Homoptera). Details of his collection in the BMNH and Bolton Museum are given and the type material of 20 European and one South American species of Delphacidae, described by Scott, is documented. The following new synonymies are established: Scottianella Anufriev (= Lamprvdelphax Fennah), Florodelphax leplosoma (Flor) (=Liburnia guararnanensis Scott), Flastena jumipennis (Fieber) ( = Libumia lelhierryi Scott) and Toya propinqua (Fieber) (= Liburnia marshalli Scott). Ten lectotypes are designated.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián Andrés Fernández ◽  
Patricio Emmanuel Santamarina ◽  
María Cristina Tellería ◽  
Luis Palazzesi ◽  
Viviana Dora Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
South American ◽  
Optical Section ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The Family

Abstract Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were once joined together. Although the phylogenetic relationships in Nothofagus appear to be well supported, the evolution of some pollen morphological traits remains elusive, largely because of the lack of ultrastructural analyses. Here we describe the pollen morphology of all extant South American species of Nothofagus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM), and reconstruct ancestral character states using a well-supported phylogenetic tree of the family. Our results indicate that the main differences between pollen of subgenera Fuscospora (pollen type fusca a) and Nothofagus (pollen type fusca b) are related to the size of microspines (distinguishable or not in optical section), and the thickening of colpi margins (thickened inwards, or thickened both inwards and outwards). In particular, Nothofagus alessandrii, the only extant South American species of subgenus Fuscospora, presents distinctive pollen features that have not been observed in any other species of the genus (i.e. a large granular infratectum and spongy apertural endexine). Species of subgenus Lophozonia are characterized by having the largest pollen grains, with polygonal outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, long and non-thickened colpi, and a thin endexine. The reconstruction of character states for the node corresponding to the common ancestor to genus Nothofagus leads us to conclude that the ancestral form of Nothofagaceae should have had: equatorial diameter < 40 μm, circular outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, short colpi thickened inwards, and a thin endexine. These features are fully consistent with those present in Nothofagidites senectus Dettmann & Playford, the oldest fossil species of Nothofagaceae recorded in Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments of Gondwana.

Deflating Miconia (Melastomataceae) from Eastern Brazil, with 31 new synonyms and other nomenclatural issues

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 468 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295
Author(s):  
MAYARA K. CADDAH ◽  
ANA FLÁVIA AUGUSTIN ◽  
RENATO GOLDENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
South American Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fine Tune

We propose 31 synonyms for nine South American species of Miconia (Melastomataceae), mostly from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil (with one species in “campos rupestres” and another from the Atlantic Forest in Paraguay); all belong to the ‘Miconia discolor clade’. Of these synonyms, 19 are species and 12 are varieties or subspecies, all of them described by the end of the XIX or early XX centuries, and most of them known in herbaria mostly from isotypes or syntypes (except for Miconia cabucu, M. chartacea and M. saldanhae). Miconia flammea var. major is synonymized under M. brunnea; Miconia amambayensis and M. oblongifolia under M. buddlejoides; Miconia augusti, M. divaricata, M. fasciculata subsp. catharinensis, M. fasciculata var. robusta, M. fluminensis, M. gilva, M. rabenii, M. saldanhae, M. saldanhae var. grandifolia and M. saldanhae var. subsessilifolia under M. fasciculata; Miconia chartacea, M. chartacea var. angustifolia, M. chartacea var. brevifolia, M. chartacea var. longifolia and M. chartacea var. miqueliana sob M. flammea; Miconia altissima, M. cabucu, M. formosa var. angustifolia, M. gigantea, M. mourae, and M. ovalifolia under M. formosa; Miconia ovata under M. organensis; Miconia maximowicziana and M. maximowicziana var. major under M. sclerophylla; Miconia eichleri, M. eichleri var. australis, and M. pseudoeichleri under M. valtheri; and Miconia argyraea under M. willdenowii. We also designate lectotypes for all names but M. fasciculata subsp. catharinensis, M. maximowicziana and M. ovata, which already have holotypes designated by the respective authors. We corrected the spelling of M. buddlejoides (previously known as M. budlejoides), M. saldanhae (formerly M. saldanhaei) and M. mourae (formerly M. mouraei). In the present century, 14 species of Miconia s.s. have been described for the Atlantic Forest, and another 43 species, subspecies and varieties have been synonymized (including the ones performed here). This means that a significant inflation of names has been corrected, since the genus has been deflated by 29 taxa. The synonyms proposed here will help students of the family and other researchers employ the correct names in biological studies, which in turn will help to fine tune biodiversity studies and conservation efforts.

A review of the clam shrimp family Leptestheriidae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) from Venezuela, with descriptions of two new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE VICENTE GARCIA ◽  
GUIDO PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Clam Shrimp ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species

The clam shrimps of the family Leptestheriidae from Venezuela are reviewed. Leptestheria venezuelica Daday, 1923, and two new species (L. cristata n. sp. and L. brevispina n. sp.) are presented. A redescription of L. venezuelica, descriptions of the new species, and comparisons with other South American species are included. A checklist of world Leptestheriiidae is included.

A new species and a new record of the spider genus Nesticus (Araneae, Nesticidae) from southern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (4) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
NARELLE ESTOL ◽  
EVERTON NEI LOPES RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The spider family Nesticidae includes 233 species in 13 genera and is distributed almost worldwide (World Spider Catalog, 2016). However, the family is still poorly known in the Neotropical Region. The genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 comprises 132 species and seven subspecies and was described based on N. cellulanus (Clerck, 1757), from Europe (World Spider Catalog, 2016). Meridional South American species of Nesticus were revised by Ott & Lise (2002). More recently, Faleiro & Santos (2011) described a new species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil and Torres et al. (2016) a new species from the province of Salta, Argentina. Nowadays, Nesticus is represented by six species in Brazil: Nesticus brasiliensis Brignoli, 1979; Nesticus brignolii Ott & Lise, 2002; Nesticus calilegua Ott & Lise, 2002; Nesticus ivone Faleiro & Santos, 2011; Nesticus potreiro Ott & Lise, 2002 and Nesticus taim Ott & Lise, 2002 (World Spider Catalog 2016). 

A contribution to the taxonomy of the aquatic Oligochaeta (Naididae) of South America

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2233-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Harman ◽  
R. O. Brinkhurst ◽  
M. Marchese
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Aquatic Oligochaeta ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family

The number of South American species of the family Naididae has yet to be determined. Some 27 species are discussed here, and a list of South American species in 15 genera is presented. Nais simplex, Dero (Aulophorus) vagus, and Pristinella acuminata are new to the list. Nais raviensis is regarded as a member of the genus Dero in accordance with recent literature. The subfamily Stylarinae, thought to be the oldest in the family, is scarce or absent in the region, in contrast to austral or southern distributions for supposedly more primitive families or primitive genera in other families.

scholarly journals Description of a second South American species in the Malagasy earwig genus Mesodiplatys from a cave habitat, with notes on the definition of Haplodiplatyidae (Insecta, Dermaptera)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Kamimura ◽  
Rodrigo L. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cave Habitat ◽  
A New Species

The genusMesodiplatys(Dermaptera: Diplatyidae) comprises eight species from Madagascar and one species from Peru. Based on a sample collected from a cave in Brazil, a new species of this genus,MesodiplatysfalciferKamimura,sp. n., is described as the second species from South America. Based on a reexamination of the holotype ofMesodiplatysinsularis, a revised key toMesodiplatysspecies is provided. The definitions of the generaMesodiplatysandHaplodiplatysand the family Haplodiplatyidae are also reconsidered.

A new corticolous species of Chroodiscus (Thelotremataceae) from Argentina

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Inés Messuti ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch ◽  
Antonín Vezda
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Thin Walled

AbstractChroodiscus lomatiae Messuti, Lumbsch & Vezda is described as new to science. This southern South American species belongs to the family Thelotremataceae. It is characterized by fusiform, hyaline, small, thin-walled ascospores, exfoliating, chroodiscoid apothecia, and the presence of lecanoric acid.

Prosthenhystera gattii n. sp. (Digenea: Callodistomidae), a gallbladder parasite of Bryconamericus ikaa from the lower Iguazú River, described based on combined molecular and morphological evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Montes ◽  
J. Barneche ◽  
Y. Croci ◽  
S. Rodriguez Gil ◽  
S.S. Curran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Its2 Sequence ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unidentified Species

Abstract Adult forms of members of the Callodistomidae always parasitize the gallbladder of freshwater fishes and occur in Africa and America. This study provides a description of a new South American species belonging in Prosthenhystera from the gallbladder of a characid fish (Bryconamericus ikaa), and ribosomal gene sequences (28S rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) are used to demonstrate molecular differences between the new species and congeners as well as explore interrelationships among congeners. Additionally, the first cytological analysis is conducted for a member of the family to determine chromosome number and arrangement. Prosthenhystera gattii n. sp. most closely resembles Prosthenhystera caballeroi in morphology, but the vitellarium is more extensive reaching anterior to the caecal bifurcation in the new species and the uterus is confined to the hindbody in P. gattii n. sp., whereas it extends to the level of the pharynx in P. caballeroi. Also, the testes, cirrus sac, seminal receptacle and the ratio of body length to width are larger in P. gattii n. sp. Independent Bayesian inference analyses of 28S rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence fragments produced phylograms that showed P. gattii n. sp. is more similar to Prosthenhystera obesa + Prosthenhystera oonastica than P. caballeroi + two unidentified species of Prosthenhystera, but with poor posterior probability support for the node in the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-based phylogram. Further, the genetic distance between P. oonastica and P. gattii n. sp. are the largest among Prosthenhystera spp. Cytological analysis revealed ten metacentric chromosomes, which is fewer than the 12–18 chromosomes present in species from the closely related Gorgoderidae.

Emergence of New Potential Insect Pests of Date Palm: Could Climate Change Be the Reason?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
South American ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Family ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Sorghum Chafer

Four insect species were reported as new potential pests of date palm in recent years. They are sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta), the rose chafer (Potosia opaca), the sericine chafer beetle (Maladera insanablis), and the South American palm borer (Pysandisia archon). The first three species belong to the order Coleoptera and the family Scarabaeidae, while the fourth species is a lepidopteran of the family Castniidae. The injury as well as the economic damage caused by the four species on date palm need to be quantified. Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, the date palm pest complex is expected to change in the future. To the author's knowledge, this article provides the first report of sorghum chafer as a pest damaging date palm fruit.

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