scholarly journals Internal Ophthalmic Arteries Within the Brain-Base Arterial System in Guinea Pig

2017 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-891
Author(s):  
Jacek Kuchinka
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ophthalmic Arteries

Phase-Locked Responses to Pure Tones in the Inferior Colliculus

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1926-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Fa Liu ◽  
Alan R. Palmer ◽  
Mark N. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Cortex ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Ascending Pathways ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
The Brain

In the auditory system, some ascending pathways preserve the precise timing information present in a temporal code of frequency. This can be measured by studying responses that are phase-locked to the stimulus waveform. At each stage along a pathway, there is a reduction in the upper frequency limit of the phase-locking and an increase in the steady-state latency. In the guinea pig, phase-locked responses to pure tones have been described at various levels from auditory nerve to neocortex but not in the inferior colliculus (IC). Therefore we made recordings from 161 single units in guinea pig IC. Of these single units, 68% (110/161) showed phase-locked responses. Cells that phase-locked were mainly located in the central nucleus but also occurred in the dorsal cortex and external nucleus. The upper limiting frequency of phase-locking varied greatly between units (80−1,034 Hz) and between anatomical divisions. The upper limits in the three divisions were central nucleus, >1,000 Hz; dorsal cortex, 700 Hz; external nucleus, 320 Hz. The mean latencies also varied and were central nucleus, 8.2 ± 2.8 (SD) ms; dorsal cortex, 17.2 ms; external nucleus, 13.3 ms. We conclude that many cells in the central nucleus receive direct inputs from the brain stem, whereas cells in the external and dorsal divisions receive input from other structures that may include the forebrain.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of lung hemorrhage induced by asebotoxin III in the brain of guinea pig

1981 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Kazumi Takeya ◽  
Nobuo Harada ◽  
Yoshihiro Hotta ◽  
Hiroaki Ando
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lung Hemorrhage ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Odor-Driven Activity in the Olfactory Cortex of an In Vitro Isolated Guinea Pig Whole Brain With Olfactory Epithelium

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 670-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ishikawa ◽  
Takaaki Sato ◽  
Akira Shimizu ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui ◽  
Marco de Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Initial Component ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Olfactory Neural Network ◽  
The Brain

We developed a new technique to isolate a whole guinea pig brain with an intact olfactory epithelium (OE) that enables us to access the ventral surface of the brain including olfactory areas with ease during natural odor stimulation. We applied odorants to OE and confirmed that odor-induced local field potentials (LFPs) could be induced in olfactory areas. In the olfactory bulb (OB) and the piriform cortex (PC), odor-induced LFPs consisted of a phasic initial component followed by a fast activity oscillation in the beta range (20 Hz). To understand the neural mechanisms of odor-induced responses especially in the anterior PC, we analyzed odor-induced LFPs, together with unit activity data. We confirmed that the initial component of odor-induced response has a characteristic temporal pattern, generated by a relatively weak direct afferent input, followed by an intra-cortical associative response, which was associated with a phasic inhibition. The beta oscillation might be formed by the repetition of these network activities. These electrophysiological data were consistent with the results of previous studies that used slice or in vivo preparations, suggesting that the olfactory neural network and activities of the brain are preserved in our new in vitro preparation. This study provides the basis for clarifying the sequence of neural activities underlying odor information processing in the brain in vitro following natural olfactory stimulation.

Evidence for nitroxidergic innervation in monkey ophthalmic arteries in vivo and in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. H2006-H2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Ayajiki ◽  
Toshiki Tanaka ◽  
Tomio Okamura ◽  
Noboru Toda
Keyword(s):  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Geniculate Ganglion ◽  
Cholinergic Nerves ◽  
Neurogenic Vasodilatation ◽  
Pterygopalatine Ganglion ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ophthalmic Arteries

In anesthetized monkeys, electrical stimulation (ES) of the pterygopalatine or geniculate ganglion dilated the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery (OA). The induced vasodilatation was unaffected by phentolamine but potentiated by atropine. Intravenous N G-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) abolished the response, which was restored byl-arginine. Hexamethonium-abolished vasodilator responses induced solely by geniculate ganglionic stimulation. Thel-NNA constricted OA; l-arginine reversed the effect. Destruction of the pterygopalatine ganglion constricted the ipsilateral artery. Helical strips of OA isolated under deep anesthesia from monkeys, denuded of endothelium, responded to transmural ES with relaxations, which were abolished by tetrodotoxin and l-NNA but were potentiated by atropine. It is concluded that neurogenic vasodilatation of monkey OA is mediated by nerve-derived nitric oxide (NO), and the nerve is originated from the ipsilateral pterygopalatine ganglion that is innervated by cholinergic neurons from the brain stem via the geniculate ganglion. The OA appears to be dilated by mediation of NO continuously liberated from nerves that receive tonic discharges from the vasomotor center. Acetylcholine liberated from postganglionic cholinergic nerves would impair the release of neurogenic NO.

The Effects of Thalidomide on the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Intrauterine Guinea-Pig Foetus

Pharmacology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Bergström ◽  
Lea Bergström ◽  
P. Putkonen ◽  
K. Sainio
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
The Brain
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document