scholarly journals Cortical Circuitry Associated With Reflex Cardiovascular Control in Humans: Does the Cortical Autonomic Network “Speak” or “Listen” During Cardiovascular Arousal

2012 ◽  
Vol 295 (9) ◽  
pp. 1375-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽  
Savio W. Wong ◽  
David F. Cechetto
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Cortical Circuitry ◽  
Cardiovascular Arousal

scholarly journals High cardiorespiratory fitness in early to late middle age preserves the cortical circuitry associated with brain-heart integration during volitional exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 1831-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn N. Wood ◽  
Torri A. Luchyshyn ◽  
J. Kevin Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Cortical Circuitry ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Cardiovascular Arousal

This study tested the hypothesis that high cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake) preserves the cortical circuitry associated with cardiac arousal during exercise in middle- to older-aged individuals. Observations of changes in heart rate (HR) and in cortical blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) images were made in 52 healthy, active individuals (45–73 yr; 16 women, 36 men) across a range of fitness (26–66 ml·kg−1·min−1). Seven repeated bouts of isometric handgrip (IHG) at 40% maximal voluntary contraction force were performed with functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T, with each contraction lasting 20 s and separated by 40 s of rest. HR responses to IHG showed high variability across individuals. Linear regression revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness was not a strong predictor of the HR response ( r2 = 0.09). In a region-of-interest analysis both the IHG task and the HR time course correlated with increased cortical activation in the bilateral insula and decreased activation relative to baseline in the anterior and posterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). t-Test results revealed greater deactivation at the MPFC with higher fitness levels beyond that of guideline-based activity. Therefore, whereas high cardiorespiratory fitness failed to affect absolute HR responses to IHG in this age range, a select effect was observed in cortical regions known to be associated with cardiovascular arousal. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our first observation suggests that fitness does not strongly predict the heart rate (HR) response to a volitional handgrip task in middle- to older-aged adults. Second, the BOLD response associated with the handgrip task, and with the HR time course, was associated with response patterns in the cortical autonomic network. Finally, whereas high cardiorespiratory fitness failed to affect absolute HR responses to isometric handgrip in this age range, a select effect was observed in cortical regions known to be associated with cardiovascular arousal, beyond that achieved through healthy active living.

Interpreting Open- and Closed-Loop Transfer Relations Between Cardiorespiratory Parameters: Lessons Learned from a Computer Model of Beat-to-Beat Cardiovascular Regulation

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
P. Hammer ◽  
D. Litvack ◽  
J. P. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract:A computer model of cardiovascular control has been developed based on the response characteristics of cardiovascular control components derived from experiments in animals and humans. Results from the model were compared to those obtained experimentally in humans, and the similarities and differences were used to identify both the strengths and inadequacies of the concepts used to form the model. Findings were confirmatory of some concepts but contrary to some which are firmly held in the literature, indicating that understanding the complexity of cardiovascular control probably requires a combination of experiments and computer models which integrate multiple systems and allow for determination of sufficiency and necessity.

Short term spaceflights influence autonomic cardiovascular control

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Frank Beckers ◽  
Mr. Bart Verheyden ◽  
Mr. Kurt Couckuyt ◽  
Mr. Jiexin Liu ◽  
Prof. André Aubert
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Autonomic Cardiovascular Control

Endocannabinoids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Lipid Signaling ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation

The endocannabinoids are part of a large family of lipid signaling molecules derived from arachidonic acid, including the prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are important mediators of inflammation. Far less is known about the newer members of the endocannabinoid group, and it remains unclear whether they all play important functional roles. This chapter reviews the multiple members of this family and their biosynthesis and inactivation. Physiological functions, including retrograde synaptic signaling, control of energy metabolism, regulation of pain sensitivity, and cardiovascular control, are discussed. In addition, the chapter reports the synthesis of novel agonists, antagonists, and compounds inhibiting endocannabinoid inactivation as novel medicines.

scholarly journals Research progress on the mechanism of orexin in pain regulation in different brain regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Xianhui Kang ◽  
Hongli Tang ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Yan Yuan ◽  
Mi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Pain Transmission ◽  
Pain Regulation

Abstract Orexin is a neuropeptide that is primarily synthesized and secreted by the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and includes two substances derived from the same precursor (orexin A [OXA] and orexin B [OXB]). Studies have shown that orexin is not only involved in the regulation of eating, the sleep–wake cycle, and energy metabolism, but also closely associated with various physiological functions, such as cardiovascular control, reproduction, stress, reward, addiction, and the modulation of pain transmission. At present, studies that have been performed both domestically and abroad have confirmed that orexin and its receptors are closely associated with pain regulation. In this article, the research progress on acute pain regulation involving orexin is reviewed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document