Distribution of glycogen in the floor plate of the chick spinal cord during development

1984 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Uehara ◽  
Toshihiko Ueshima
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Chick Spinal Cord

Identification of early developing axon projections from spinal interneurons in the chick embryo with a neuron specific beta-tubulin antibody: evidence for a new ‘pioneer’ pathway in the spinal cord

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yaginuma ◽  
T. Shiga ◽  
S. Homma ◽  
R. Ishihara ◽  
R.W. Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Chick Spinal Cord

The early development of interneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord was studied using a monoclonal antibody against a neuron-specific beta-tubulin isoform. Early developing interneurons were divided into two cell groups on the basis of their location and the pattern of growth of their axons. One group is composed of cells that establish a primitive longitudinal pathway (PL-cells), whereas the other group contains cells constituting a circumferential pathway (C-cells). The onset of axonal development in both cell groups occurs at stage (st.) 15 (embryonic day, (E), 2) in the branchial segments, which is prior to axonogenesis of motoneurons. PL-cells develop in the region between the floor plate and the motoneuron nucleus. Their axons are the first neuronal processes (‘pioneer axons’) to arrive in the ventrolateral marginal zone and they project both rostrally and caudally to establish a primitive longitudinal association pathway at the ventrolateral surface of the neural tube. This pathway is formed before axons of C-cells arrive in the ventrolateral region. The first C-cells are initially located in the most dorsal portion of the neural tube, whereas later appearing C-cells are also located in both intermediate and ventral regions of the neural tube. The axons of C-cells project ventrally, without fasciculating, along the lateral border of the neural tube. Some of their axons enter the ipsilateral ventrolateral longitudinal pathway at st. 17. We often observed apparent contacts and interactions between preexisting axons of PL-cells and newly arriving axons of C-cells. The axons of commissural C-cells first enter the floor plate at st. 17 and cross the midline at st. 18. Axons of C cells begin to join the contralateral ventrolateral longitudinal pathway at st. 18+ to st. 19. In the floor plate region, contacts between growth cones and axons were often observed. However, axons in the floor plate at these stages were not fasciculated. These observations establish the timing and pattern of growth of axons from two specific populations of early developing interneurons in the chick spinal cord. Additionally, we have identified an early and apparently previously undescribed ‘pioneer’ pathway that constitutes the first longitudinal pathway in the chick spinal cord.

Species differences in the distribution and coexistence ratio of serotonin and substance P in the monkey, cat, rat and chick spinal cord

1991 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Okado ◽  
Mutsumi Matsukawa ◽  
Shinobu Noritake ◽  
Shigeru Ozaki ◽  
Shun Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Chick Spinal Cord

Neuronotrophic effects of skeletal muscle fractions on spinal cord differentiation

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
L. Hsu ◽  
D. Natyzak ◽  
G. L. Trupin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Glial Development ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Chick Spinal Cord

Soluble fractions of homogenized skeletal muscle were found to promote neuronal migration and neuritic and glial outgrowth from embryonic chick spinal cord explants. Fractions obtained from skeletal muscle immobilized by prolonged treatment with curare were significantly more effective than normal muscle in accelerating neuronal and glial development. Fractions from other tissues such as brain and lung did not enhance neuronal differentiation, but were effective in stimulating outgrowth of glial cells. Separate measurements of glial and neuronal responses indicate that tissue fractions produce independent effects on the glial and neuronal components.

A spinal cord fate map in the avian embryo: while regressing, Hensen's node lays down the notochord and floor plate thus joining the spinal cord lateral walls

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 2599-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Catala ◽  
M.A. Teillet ◽  
E.M. De Robertis ◽  
M.L. Le Douarin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Fate Map ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Lateral Walls

The spinal cord of thoracic, lumbar and caudal levels is derived from a region designated as the sinus rhomboidalis in the 6-somite-stage embryo. Using quail/chick grafts performed in ovo, we show the following. (1) The floor plate and notochord derive from a common population of cells, located in Hensen's node, which is equivalent to the chordoneural hinge (CNH) as it was defined at the tail bud stage. (2) The lateral walls and the roof of the neural tube originate caudally and laterally to Hensen's node, during the regression of which the basal plate anlage is bisected by floor plate tissue. (3) Primary and secondary neurulations involve similar morphogenetic movements but, in contrast to primary neurulation, extensive bilateral cell mixing is observed on the dorsal side of the region of secondary neurulation. (4) The posterior midline of the sinus rhomboidalis gives rise to somitic mesoderm and not to spinal cord. Moreover, mesodermal progenitors are spatially arranged along the rest of the primitive streak, more caudal cells giving rise to more lateral embryonic structures. Together with the results reported in our study of tail bud development (Catala, M., Teillet, M.-A. and Le Douarin, N.M. (1995). Mech. Dev. 51, 51–65), these results show that the mechanisms that preside at axial elongation from the 6-somite stage onwards are fundamentally similar during the complete process of neurulation.

Complementary expression of transmembrane ephrins and their receptors in the mouse spinal cord: a possible role in constraining the orientation of longitudinally projecting axons

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (7) ◽  
pp. 1397-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Imondi ◽  
C. Wideman ◽  
Z. Kaprielian
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Floor Plate ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Eph Receptors ◽  
Axon Pathfinding ◽  
Mouse Spinal Cord ◽  
Commissural Axon ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Ventral Funiculus

In the developing spinal cord, axons project in both the transverse plane, perpendicular to the floor plate, and in the longitudinal plane, parallel to the floor plate. For many axons, the floor plate is a source of long- and short-range guidance cues that govern growth along both dimensions. We show here that B-class transmembrane ephrins and their receptors are reciprocally expressed on floor plate cells and longitudinally projecting axons in the mouse spinal cord. During the period of commissural axon pathfinding, B-class ephrin protein is expressed at the lateral floor plate boundaries, at the interface between the floor plate and the ventral funiculus. In contrast, B-class Eph receptors are expressed on decussated commissural axon segments projecting within the ventral funiculus, and on ipsilaterally projecting axons constituting the lateral funiculus. Soluble forms of all three B-class ephrins bind to, and induce the collapse of, commissural growth cones in vitro. The collapse-inducing activity associated with B-class ephrins is likely to be mediated by EphB1. Taken together, these data support a possible role for repulsive B-class Eph receptor/ligand interactions in constraining the orientation of longitudinal axon projections at the ventral midline.

scholarly journals Lineage, arrangement, and death of clonally related motoneurons in chick spinal cord

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2451-2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Leber ◽  
SM Breedlove ◽  
JR Sanes
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Spinal Cord

scholarly journals Coordination of progenitor specification and growth in mouse and chick spinal cord

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 345 (6204) ◽  
pp. 1254927-1254927 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kicheva ◽  
T. Bollenbach ◽  
A. Ribeiro ◽  
H. P. Valle ◽  
R. Lovell-Badge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Spinal Cord
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